Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 86

=Oil of Corian'der.= _Syn._ OLEUM CORIANDRI, L. From the fruit (seeds) of _Coriandrum sativum_. Yellowish; aromatic; carminative. _Prod._ (Dried fruit) 5-1/2 to 6%.

=Oil, Corn.= The name given by Mulder to a peculiar fatty compound found in the fusel oil of the distilleries of Holland. It has a very powerful odour, resembling that of some of the umbelliferous plants, and is unaffected by caustic pota.s.sa. See OIL, FUSEL (page 772).

=Oil of Cu'bebs.= _Syn._ OLEUM CUBEBARAM, O. CUBEBae (B. P., Ph. E. & D.), L. From the fruit of _Cubeba officinalis_, or cubebs, coa.r.s.ely ground.

Aromatic, hot, and bitter tasted; odour, that of the fruit; faintly green, colourless when pure. Sp. gr. 129. _Prod._ 9% to 11%.

_Pur., &c._ When pure, iodine has little action on this oil, and immediately gives it a violet colour, without any very marked reaction; nitric acid turns it opaque, and the mixture changes to a pale red when heated; sulphuric acid turns it of a crimson red. When adulterated with oil of turpentine, both its viscidity, solubility in rectified spirit, and its density, are lessened; when mixed with castor oil it leaves a greasy stain on paper.--_Dose_, 10 to 15 drops, in the usual cases in which cubebs in substance is given. 5 to 20 minims (B. P.), suspended in water by mucilage and sugar.

=Oil of c.u.min.= _Syn._ OLEUM c.u.mINI, O. CYMINI, L. From the fresh fruit (seed) of _c.u.minum Cyminum_, or c.u.min. Pale yellow; smells and tastes strongly of the seeds. Sp. gr. 975. _Prod._ 2-1/2% to 3%.

_Obs._ Oil of c.u.min is a mixture of two oils differing in volatility, and which may be separated by careful distillation. The more volatile one has been named cymol; the other, c.u.minol.

=Oil of Dill.= _Syn._ OLEUM ANETHI (Ph. L. & E.), L. From the bruised fruit (seed) of _Antheum graveolens_. Pale yellow; odour, that of the fruit; taste, hot and pungent; carminative. Sp. gr. 188 to 882. _Prod._ 4% (nearly).

=Oil of El'der.= _Syn._ ATTAR OF ELDER FLOWERS; OLEUM SAMBUCI, L. From elder flowers (_Sambucus nigra_). Butyraceous; odour not very marked.

=Oil of El'emi.= _Syn._ OLEUM ELEMI, L. From the resin. Isomeric with oil of turpentine.

=Oil of Er'got.= _Syn._ ETHEREAL O. OF E.; OLEUM ERGOTae, O. E. aeTHEREUM, O. SECALIS CORNUTI, L. Prepared by evaporating the ethereal tincture at a very gentle heat, and, preferably, allowing the last portion of the ether to escape by spontaneous evaporation. Brownish-yellow; lighter than water; soluble in ether and solution of pota.s.sa; only partly soluble in alcohol.

It appears to be a mixture of volatile and fixed oil, with some resinous matter.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 drops, in haemorrhages; 10 or 12 drops every 3 or 4 hours, in diarrha; 20 to 50 drops, as a parturifacient, &c. Externally, in rheumatism, toothache, &c.

_Obs._ The above is the oil of ergot now employed in medicine. It must not be confounded with other preparations occasionally called by the same name, but which differ from it in character. Among the latter are the following:

_a._ A fixed oil obtained by distilling off the spirit from the alcoholic tincture. It has the odour of rancid fish oil, and the distilled spirit has also a putrid odour.

_b._ A fixed oil, obtained from coa.r.s.ely powdered ergot by strong pressure between iron plates, at a heat of about 212 Fahr. It is fluid, coloured, smells strongly of the drug, but is nearly dest.i.tute of its leading qualities. Both the preceding contain some volatile oil and resinous matter.

_c._ An empyreumatic oil obtained by distilling ergot _per se_. It is light brown, viscid, acrid, and nauseous.

_d._ A volatile oil obtained by digesting powdered ergot in solution of pota.s.sa at 125 Fahr., diluting the saponaceous ma.s.s thus formed with one half to an equal weight of water, neutralising the alkali with dilute sulphuric acid, and then submitting the whole to distillation in a chloride of sodium or oil bath. It is white, adhesive, butyraceous, and tasteless. It appears a product, rather than a simple educt.

_e._ This is the ethereal oil, first described, in its purest form. It is colourless, translucent, oily, and acrid-tasted, with the odour of ergot; it has a high boiling-point, at which it suffers partial decomposition, but may be volatilised at a lower temperature, like the other oils. By long exposure to heat, it thickens and partly solidifies; light and air darken it; it is lighter than water, very slightly soluble in water, but sufficiently so to impart to it its peculiar odour; it is soluble in pure alcohol, in ether, the volatile and fixed oils, alkaline lyes, liquor of ammonia, creasote, and naphtha. The dilute mineral acids clear it but do not produce any marked reaction.

=Oil, Ethe"real.= See OIL OF WINE (_below_).

=Oil of Eucalyptus.= _Syn._ OLEUM EUCALYPTI GLOBULI. See EUCALYPTUS.

=Oil of Fen'nel.= _Syn._ OLEUM FNICULI (Ph. L.), O. F. OFFICINALIS (Ph.

E. & D.), O. F. DULCIS, L. From the fruit or seed of _Fniculum dulce_, or sweet fennel (Ph. L.), Colourless; odour that of the plant; tastes hot and sweetish; congeals at 50 Fahr.; carminative and stomachic. It consists of two oils; the one solid and identical with that of oil of aniseed. When treated with nitric acid, it affords benzoin, Sp. gr. 997. _Prod._ Dried fruit (of commerce), 3% to 35%. The flowering herb yields 35% of a similar oil.

_Obs._ The oil of fennel of the shops is the product of the fruit of _Fniculum vulgare_, or common, wild, or bitter fennel. It closely resembles that of sweet fennel, but is scarcely so agreeable either in taste or smell. It is chiefly used to scent soaps.

=Oil of Firwood.= _Syn._ OLEUM PINI SYLVESTRIS. An essential oil, distilled from the leaves of _Pinus sylvestris_.

=Oil of Fleabane.= (Ph. U. S.) _Syn._ OLEUM ERIGERONIS CANADENSIS. An essential oil, distilled from _Canada erigeron_.--_Dose_, 5 minims in haemorrhage.

=Oil, Fu'sel.= Noticed at page 772.

=Oil of Gal'banum.= _Syn._ OLEUM GALBANI (Ph. Bor.), L. From galbanum, 2 lb.; water, 16 fl. oz.; distilled together. Yellow; resembles oil of asaftida, but milder.

=Oil of Gar'lic.= _Syn._ SULPHIDE OF ALLYL. From the bruised bulbs or 'cloves' of _Allium sativum_, or garlic. It possesses the peculiar odour, taste, and other properties of the bulbs, in a highly exalted degree.

_Obs._ When a mixture of oil of black mustard and sulphide of pota.s.sium is exposed in a sealed gla.s.s tube to a temperature above that of 212 Fahr., sulphocyanide of pota.s.sium and garlic oil are formed. On the other hand, when the compound of garlic oil and chloride of mercury (formed by adding to an alcoholic solution of the oil a like solution of the chloride) is gently heated with sulpho-cyanide of pota.s.sium, mustard oil, with all its characteristic properties, is called into existence.

=Oil of Gaulthe"ria.= See OIL OF PARTRIDGE BERRY (_below_).

=Oil of Gen'tian.= _Syn._ OLEUM GENTIANae, L. From the root. Butyraceous; smells strongly of gentian. 3 cwt. yield 1 dr. (barely).

=Oil of Gera"nium.= _Syn._ OIL OF GINGER GRa.s.s, O. OF SPIKENARD. The oil of commerce which pa.s.ses under this name and which was formerly imported from the East Indies, was not obtained from any species of _Geranium_ or _Pelargonium_, but probably from a species of _Andropogon_. Of recent years, however, genuine geranium oil, obtained from the rose geranium (_Pelargonium roseum_) has been and continues to be met with in our markets. This essential oil is manufactured in immense quant.i.ties, at La Trappe de Staonelli not far from the Bay of Sidi Ferruch, in Algiers, where about forty acres of the plant are in cultivation. "Three harvests are gathered every year, and each yields from 170 to 200 kilograms of oil, or equal to 500 to 600 kilograms per annum. The value of this product never falls below forty francs the kilogram, the average gross value being therefore from 20,000 to 25,000 francs or at least 20 per acre. Seven distillatory apparatus are employed in this manufactory."[65] A finer oil is yielded by the rose geranium, when grown in France, but it is much dearer. It is often employed to adulterate otto of roses. See OIL, GRa.s.s (_below_).

[Footnote 65: "The Paris Exhibition," 'Pharmaceutical Journal,' 3rd series, No. 433.]

=Oil of Gin'ger.= _Syn._ OLEUM ZINGIBERIS, L. From the dried root (rhizome) of _Zingiber officinale_, or ginger of commerce. Bluish-green; possesses a less agreeable odour than that of good ginger, without any pungency. _Prod._ 11/16 of 1% (M. Raybaud).

=Oil of Goosefoot.= (Ph. U. S.) _Syn._ OLEUM CHENOPODII. Distilled from the seeds of _Chenopodium anthelmintic.u.m_.--_Dose._ From 4 to 8 drops, with treacle or milk, for 3 nights in succession, for children. For adult, 1/2 dr. Vermifuge.

=Oil of Grain-spirit.= _Syn._ GRAIN OIL. Two distinct substances are found in spirit distilled from fermented grain; one of which is butyraceous and highly offensive (corn oil of Mulder----?), the other liquid (crude fusel oil). The relative proportions of these substances to each other, and to the spirits which they contaminate, vary with the materials and the management of the process. The 'GRAIN OIL' of the London rectifiers consists chiefly of fusel or potato oil, mixed with alcohol and water, and with small and variable proportions of solid ethyl and amyl-compounds of certain fatty acids (nanthic and margaric). The latter are said to be similar to the butyraceous matter before referred to, as well as the solid fat of the whisky distilleries conducted on the old plan. According to Mr.

Rowney, the fusel oil of the Scotch distilleries contains capric acid. See OIL OF CORN (_above_), and FUSEL OIL.

=Oil, Grape.= _Syn._ BRANDY OIL, COGNAC O. This is essentially the sulphate of amyl. It is prepared by dissolving the fusel oil of marc-brandy in strong rectified spirit, and then adding concentrated sulphuric acid; alcohol and excess of acid is removed by washing the newly formed compound with water. Dissolved in rectified spirit, it forms 'BRANDY ESSENCE,' which is used to impart the Cognac flavour to plain spirit. See SULPHATE OF AMYL and AMYL-ETHER, also OIL OF MARC-BRANDY (_below_).

=Oil, Gra.s.s.= Several of the gra.s.ses (_Graminaceae_) yield fragrant volatile oils. See OIL OF GERANIUM, GRa.s.s OIL (of Namur), OIL OF LEMON-GRa.s.s, OIL OF SPRING-GRa.s.s, &c.

=Oil, Gra.s.s (of Namur).= _Syn._ INDIA GRa.s.s OIL. From _Andropogon Calamus aromaticus_ (Royle), supposed to have been the "sweet cane" and "rich aromatic reed from a far country" of Scripture; formerly supposed to be obtained from _Andropogon Iwarancusa_. Stimulant and highly fragrant. See OIL OF SPIKENARD.

=Oil of Hops.= _Syn._ OLEUM LUPULI, L. From commercial hops, by distillation along with water. It may also be collected during the brewing of beer. Odorous; acrid; narcotic; soluble in water; becomes resinous by exposure and age. Sp. gr. 910. Chiefly used to increase the aroma and flavour of old or damaged hops.

=Oil of Horse-mint.= _Syn._ OLEUM MONARDae (Ph. U. S.), L. From the fresh herb of _Monarda punctata_, a plant indigenous in the U.S. of America.

Dark amber-coloured; fragrant; pungent; carminative; rubefacient; and vesicant.

=Oil of Horse-rad'ish.= _Syn._ OLEUM ARMORACIae, L. From the fresh roots of _Cochlearia armoracia_ (Linn.), or common horse-radish. Pale yellow; heavier than water; acrid; vesicant; identical with that from black mustard. _Prod._ 5% (nearly).

=Oil of Hyssop.= _Syn._ OLEUM HYSSOPI, L. From the flowering herb of _Hyssopus officinalis_. Aromatic; stimulant. _Prod._ 25% to 33%.

=Oil of Jargonelle Pear.= See AMYL (Acetate).

=Oil of Jas'min.= _Syn._ OIL OF JESSAMINE; OLEUM JASMINI, O. J. VOLATILE, L. From the flowers of _Jasminum grandiflorum_ and _J. Fragrans_, carefully picked, by placing them in alternate layers with cotton wadding imbued with olive oil, in any suitable vessel, and renewing the flowers till the fixed oil becomes strongly odorous, and then distilling the wadding along with a little water. The volatile oils of hyacinths, jonquil, tuberose, violets, and most of the more delicate flowers, are obtained in the same way. Used in perfumery. From the East Indies.

=Oil of Ju'niper.= _Syn._ JUNIPERI OLEUM (B. P.), OLEUM JUNIPERI (Ph. L.

E. & D.), O. e. BACCIS J., O. ESSENTIALE e. B. J., L. From either the wood, tops, or berries, preferably the last. The berries should be chosen fully grown, but still slightly green, and should be bruised before being placed in the still. In the Ph. L., English oil of juniper (O. JUNIPERI ANGLIc.u.m) is ordered. Colourless, or very pale greenish-yellow; odour and taste, sweet and terebinthinate; rather viscid; soluble in rectified spirit; rendered opaque and resinous by exposure and age. It is reputed carminative and diaph.o.r.etic, and possesses powerful diuretic properties, Sp. gr. 911 (English, 8688; foreign, 8834--Brande). _Prod._ Green berries, 25%; ripe do. (one year old), 3/4 to 1% (fully).

_Pur._ It is frequently adulterated with oil of turpentine, a fraud readily discovered by the lessened density, viscidity, and solubility, in rectified spirit, of the oil.

_Obs._ Oil of juniper consists of two oils--one, white and most volatile, sp. gr. 8393; the other, dark-coloured and less volatile, sp. gr. 8784; together with some resin left in the retort.

=Oil, Krumholz.= _Syn._ OLEUM TEMPLINUM, L. From Hungarian balsam, a terebinthinate exudation from the _Pinus pumilio_, or mountain pine of Southern Europe. Fragrant; golden yellow; tastes oily, acidulous, and resinous.

=Oil of Lau'rel.= _Syn._ OIL OF SWEET BAY; OLEUM LAURI VOLATILE, O. L.