Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 233

From hay saffron, as EXTRACT OF COLOCYNTH--Ph. L.

2. (P. Cod.) From the tincture. Superior to the last.

_Obs._ The first is used chiefly as a colouring and flavouring substance by cooks, confectioners, wine and cordial brewers, &c.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.; as an excitant, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue.

=Extract of Sarsaparil'la.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SARZae, E. SARSAPARILLae, L.; EXTRAIT DE SALSEPAREILLE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1836.) From sarsaparilla, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. The Ph. D. 1826 is similar.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1 dr. _Product._ (From Jamaica sarsaparilla) 32% to 36%.

2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM SARZae ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.)--_a._ From a tincture of the root-bark, prepared with proof spirit, either by digestion or percolation.

_b._ (P. Cod. and Ph. U. S.) From sarsaparilla root (powdered), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod. Superior to the aqueous extract.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.

3. (Fluid; LIQUOR OF SARSAPARILLA, ESSENCE OF S.; LIQUOR SARZae, ESSENTIA SARSAPARILLae, EXTRACTUM SARZae LIQUIDUM--Ph. L., E. S. FLUIDUM--Ph. E. & D., L.); EXTRACTUM SARZae LIQUIDUM--(B. P.) _a._ Jamaica sarsaparilla cut transversely, 16; distilled water (temp. 160 Fahr.), 280; rectified spirit, 1. Macerate in half the water for 6 hours, and decant the liquor; digest the residue in the remainder of the water for 6 hours more, mix the liquors, express and filter; evaporate by water bath to 7, or until it has a sp. gr. of 1130; when cold add the spirit. Sp. gr. should be about 1025.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 dr.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Sarsaparilla, 3-1/2 lbs.; distilled water, 3 galls.; boil to 12 pints, pour off the liquor, and strain whilst hot; again boil the sarsaparilla in water, 2 galls., to one half, and strain; evaporate the mixed liquors to 18 fl. oz.; and when cold, add of rectified spirit, 2 fl.

oz. Each fl. oz. represents 2-1/8 oz. of the root (nearly).

_c._ (Ph. E.) Sarsaparilla, 1 lb.; boiling water, 4 pints; digest 2 hours, then bruise the root, boil it for 2 hours, filter, and express the liquid; repeat the coction with water, 2 pints, as before; evaporate the mixed liquors to the consistence of a thin syrup, and, when cold enough, add of rectified spirit q. s. to make up 16 fl. oz. Each fl. oz. represents 6 dr.

of the root, and 6 fl. oz. of the decoction.

_d._ (Ph. D.) Sarsaparilla, 1 lb. (avoir.); proceed as before, and add of rectified spirit, q. s. to make the product up to 20 fl. oz. Strength, as the last (nearly). In the Ph. D. 1826 the decoction of sarsaparilla, 1 lb.

(troy), was ordered to be evaporated to 30 oz., which with the spirit (2 oz.) made the preparation only half the strength of the present one.

4. (Compound; EXTRACTUM SARZae COMPOSITUM, E. SARSAPARILLae COMP., L.) There is no form for this preparation in the Pharmacopias, but it is nevertheless in immense demand, from its great convenience in dispensing.

The following formulae are employed by one of the wholesale houses that does largest in this preparation:--

_a._ Guaiac.u.m shavings (from which the small has been sifted), 30 lbs., Italian juice, 24 lbs., mezereon root, 6 lbs., are boiled with water q. s., for 1 hour; the decoction is then drawn off, and the boiling repeated with fresh water a second and a third time; the mixed decoctions are allowed to deposit for 6 or 8 hours, or longer, and the clear portion decanted and strained through flannel; the liquid is now reduced to the consistence of treacle, when extract of sarsaparilla, 9 lbs., is added, and the evaporation conducted at a considerably lower temperature until near its completion, when the source of heat is removed, and the remaining evaporation conducted at the expense of that retained by the metal of the 'pan,' when nearly cold, and just before removing the extracts to the 'pots' or 'jars,' essential oil of sa.s.safras, 2 dr., dissolved in rectified spirit, 1 quart, is added, and quickly but completely stirred in. The product is a very showy article, if well managed, and weighs about 45 lbs., the precise quant.i.ty depending on the quality of the juice employed. It is labelled 'EXT. SARZae COMP.'

_b._ As the last, but only using 15 lbs. of juice, and that Solazzi.

_Prod._ About 35 lbs. It is labelled and sent out as 'EXT. SARZae CO. OPT.'

_c._ By any of the forms given under COMPOUND DECOCTION OF SARSAPARILLA, either common or concentrated, by continuing the evaporation.--_Dose._ Same as that of the simple extract.

5. (Fluid Compound; COMPOUND LIQUOR OF SARSAPARILLA.)--_a._ From any of the preceding formulae by arresting the evaporation when the fluid has acquired the consistence of a thin syrup, and adding to each pint, when cold, rectified spirit, 4 fl. oz.

_b._ (Alcoholic--W. Hodgson.) Sarsaparilla (bruised), 16 oz.; liquorice root (bruised), guaiac.u.m wood (rasped), and sa.s.safras bark (sliced), of each 2 oz.; mezereon (sliced), 6 dr.; spirit, sp. gr. 935 (= 13 u. p.) 7 pints; digest 14 days, express, filter, evaporate to 12 fl. oz.; add of sugar, 8 oz., and as soon as this is dissolved, withdraw the heat.

Stronger than the last.--_Dose_, 1 fl. dr.

_c._ (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLae COMPOSITUM FLUIDUM.) _Prep._ Sarsaparilla in moderately fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); liquorice root in moderately fine powder, 2 oz. (troy); sa.s.safras in moderately fine powder, 2 oz. (troy); mezereon in moderately fine powder, 360 grains; glycerin, 4 oz. (old measure); rectified spirit, 8 oz. (old measure); water, 4 oz.

(old measure). Macerate in a closed percolator for 4 days, and then let the percolation commence, and finish it by adding diluted alcohol (equal volumes of alcohol at 835, and water), until 2 pints (old measure) have been obtained. Reserve the first 12 oz., having added 4 oz. (old measure) of glycerin to the remainder of the percolate, which evaporate to 6 oz.

(old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.

6. (From the root-bark; EXTRACTUM CORTICIS SARZae, L.) From the decoction or tincture of the root-bark. The cortical portion of sarsaparilla yields fully 50% of aqueous extract. "Five times as much as the meditullium."

(Pope.)

_Obs._ Each of the above extracts of sarsaparilla (simple, fluid, and compound), when of good quality, dissolves in water, forming a deep reddish-brown solution, perfectly transparent, and depositing little sediment, even by standing some days. See SARSAPARILLA.

1. =Extract of Savine.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SABINae. (Ph. L. 1788.) By evaporating a decoction of dry savine.

2. (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM SABINae FLUIDUM.) As fluid extract of cubebs. (Ph.

U. S.)

=Extract of Scam'mony.= _Syn._ RESIN OF SCAMMONY; RESINA SCAMMONII, E. S.

ALCOHOLIc.u.m, E. SIVE RESINA SCAMMONII (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. From powdered scammony, exhausted with proof spirit, and the resulting tincture distilled until little but water pa.s.ses over; the remaining water is then poured from the resin, which is next well washed in boiling water and dried at a temperature below 240 Fahr. Brown; impure.

2. As the last, but using either alcohol of 90% or ether, and animal charcoal. White; pure.

_Obs._ Scammony resin is translucent, fusible, and combustible; and freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and oil of turpentine. It is frequently adulterated with jalap resin, a fraud readily detected by its insolubility in the last two menstrua.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr. "When pure or virgin scammony can be procured it is an unnecessary preparation." (Pereira.)

=Extract of Scurvy-gra.s.s.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM COCHLEARIae, L. _Prep._ (P.

Cod.) From the clarified juice of fresh scurvy-gra.s.s, by exposure to warm air. Anti-s...o...b..tic, stimulant, anti-rheumatic, and diaph.o.r.etic.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr. The valuable principles of the juice are dissipated by much heat.

=Extract of Sen'ega.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SENEGae, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From seneka or snake-root (_Polygala Senega_), as EXTRACT OF BOX--P. Cod.

2. Compound; EXTRACTUM SENEGae, COMPOSITUM, E. S. ET SCILLae, L.--Ecky.) From equal parts of squills and senega, as the last, but by displacement.

Both the above are stimulant, expectorant, sudorific, and diuretic.--_Dose_, 1 to 12 gr.

3. (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM SENEGae FLUIDUM.) As EXTRACT OF COTTON-ROOT. (Ph.

U. S.)

=Extract of Sen'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SENNae, L. _Prep._ 1. (EXTRACTUM SENNae AQUOSUM, L.)--_a._ As EXTRACT OF COLOCYNTH--Ph. L.

_b._ (P. Cod.) As EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

_c._ (Ph. Bor.) From senna leaves, by maceration in tepid water (104 Fahr.) for 24 hours, and expression and filtration; the operation is repeated with fresh water, and the strained liquors evaporated to a thick extract (at 149 to 157 Fahr.), which is dissolved in water, 4 parts, the solution filtered, and again evaporated.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr. It is princ.i.p.ally used as a basis for purgative pill. When prepared by decoction it is nearly inert. A better extract is prepared from the common tincture made with proof spirit.

2. Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM SENNae ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.--(Guibourt.) Senna (in powder), 1 part; rectified spirit, 5 parts; heat gradually to boiling, let it cool; in 24 hours express, strain, and repeat the process with fresh spirit; lastly, distil and evaporate. Proof spirit answers for this purpose.

3. (Fluid; EXTRACTUM SENNae FLUIDUM, L.--Ph. (U. S.) Senna (in coa.r.s.e powder), 2-1/2 lbs.; spirit (at or near proof), 64 fl. oz.; macerate 24 hours, then act by displacement, subsequently adding weak spirit (1 of rectified spirit to 3 of water) until 10 pints of tincture are obtained; evaporate to 1 pint, filter, add sugar, 20 oz., and oil of fennel, 1 fl.

dr. (dissolved in) compound spirit of ether, 2 fl. dr. Every fl. oz.

represents 1 oz. of senna.

=Extract of Smoke.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FULIGINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous.) Wood-soot, 2 oz.; water, 1 pint; boil to 16 fl. oz., filter, and evaporate.

2. (Acetic.) Wood-soot, 2 oz.; distilled vinegar and water, of each, 1/2 pint; as the last. Formerly reputed antispasmodic, alterative, &c.--_Dose_, 3 to 6 gr., 2 three times a day; in dyspepsia, hysteria, cancer, scrofula, and various syphilitical affections.

=Extract of Snake-root.= See EXTRACT OF SENEGA.

=Extract of Black Snake-root (fluid).= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CIMICIFUGae FLUIDUM (Ph. U. S.). _Prep_. As FLUID EXTRACT OF CUBEBS. (Ph. U. S.)

=Extract of Soap'wort.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SAPONARIae, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod. & Ph. Bad.) From the dried roots of soapwort (_Saponaria officinalis_), as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod. Aperient and alterative.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1/2 dr.

=Extract of Spruce.= See ESSENCE OF SPRUCE.

=Extract of Squills.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SCILLae, L. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous; E.

S. AQUOSUM.--_a._ (Ph. Baden.) From squills, as EXTRACT OF COLOCYNTH--Ph.

L. (nearly).

_b._ (Ph. Bor.) From squills, as EXTRACT OF SENNA--Ph. Bor. (nearly), but using boiling water, avoiding ebullition during the evaporation, and powdering the residuum.--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.