Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 188

=Draught, Lax'ative.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS LAXANS, L. _Prep._ 1. See DRAUGHTS, APERIENT.

2. (Dr Copeland.) Infusion of senna and compound infusion of gentian, of each 6 fl. dr.; sulphate of pota.s.sa, 20 to 30 gr.; extract of taraxac.u.m, 30 to 40 gr.; compound tincture of cardamoms, 1-1/2 fl. dr. Aperient, stomachic, and alterative.

=Draught, Mor'phia.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS MORPHIae, L. _Prep._ (Brera.) Morphia, 1/4 gr.; syrup of poppies, 1 fl. dr.; water, 11 fl. dr. Two or three drops of acetic acid may be advantageously added. At bed-time, as a soporific.

=Draught, Narcot'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS NARCOTICUS, H. OPIATUS, L. _Prep._ 1.

(St. B. Hosp.) Laudanum, 12 to 20 drops; syrup of red poppies, 1 fl. dr.; pimento water, 3 fl. dr; water, 1 fl. oz. To induce sleep in slight cases, when fever is absent.

2. (A. T. Thomson.) Camphor mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; laudanum, 35 drops; sulphuric ether and syrup of saffron, of each 1 fl. dr. In intermittent headache.

3. (Thomson.) Carbonate of ammonia, 15 gr.; fresh lemon juice, 1/2 fl.

oz.; water, 1 fl. oz.; spirit of nutmeg, 1 fl. dr.; syrup of orange peel, 1/2 fl. dr.; tincture of hemlock, 10 drops. In diseases of increased irritability.

4. (Thomson.) Carbonate of pota.s.sa, 20 gr.; fresh lemon juice, 1/2 fl.

oz.; peppermint water, 1 fl. oz.; laudanum, 25 drops; syrup of tolu, 1/2 fl. dr. To procure sleep in the majority of diseases. (See _above_.)

=Draught, Nux Vom'ica.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS NUCIS VOMICae, L. _Prep._ (Dr Joy.) Nux vomica (in fine powder), 3 gr.; powdered gum, 2 dr; compound tincture of cardamoms, 1 fl. dr.; cinnamon water, 10 fl. dr. Diuretic, narcotic, stimulant, and tonic; in paralysis, impotence, debility, &c., unaccompanied by inflammation of the nervous centres. See STRYCHNINE.

=Draught, Refri"gerant.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS REFRIGERANS, L. _Prep._ 1.

Carbonate of pota.s.sa, 20 grs.; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; spirit of nutmeg, 1/2 fl. dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.

2. (Thomson.) Nitre, 12 gr.; almond mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; syrup of tolu, 1 fl. oz.

3. (Collier.) Carbonate of pota.s.sa, 20 gr.; antimonial wine, 20 drops; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; tincture of orange peel, 1/2 fl. dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; mix, and add a large table-spoonful of lemon juice.

In inflammatory diseases, &c.

=Draught, Saline'.= See DRAUGHT, EFFERVESCING, &c.

=Draught, Stomach'ic.= See DRAUGHT, DINNER, &c.

=Draught, Ton'ic.= _Syn._ STRENGTHENING DRAUGHT; HAUSTUS TONICUS, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Collier.) Disulphate of quinine, 2 gr.; tincture of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; diluted sulphuric acid, 5 drops; laudanum, 10 drops; infusion of cascarilla, 1-1/2 fl, oz. In pyrosis, &c., 1 hour before dinner.

2. (A. T. Thomson.) Infusion of yellow bark, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; compound tincture of cinchona, 1 fl. dr.; powdered cinchona, 40 gr.; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr. In intermittents and acute rheumatisms.

3. (Thomson.) Infusion of cascarilla, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; tincture of cascarilla and ginger, of each 1 fl. dr. In dyspepsia, arising from intemperance.

4. (Walton.) Infusion of cascarilla, 9 fl. dr.; tinctures of rhubarb and ginger, of each 1 fl. dr.; syrup of saffron, 1/2 fl. dr.; ammonio-citrate of iron, 6 gr.; tincture of capsic.u.m, 5 drops. In anaemia, and debility accompanied by paleness and relaxation.

=Draught, Ver'mifuge.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS VERMIFUGUS, H. ANTHELMINTHICUS, L.

_Prep._ (M. Levacher.) Castor oil, 4 dr.; oil of turpentine, 2 dr.; mint water, 2 fl. oz.; syrup, 1 fl. oz.; powdered gum, 2 dr.; for an emulsion.

In tapeworm.

=DRAW'INGS.= Chalk and pencil drawings may be fixed so as not to suffer from slight abrasion, by washing them with skimmed milk, or with water holding in solution a little isingla.s.s or gum. When the first is used, great care must be taken to deprive it of the whole of the cream, as the latter substance would cause the drawing to look streaky. An easy way of applying these fluids is to pour them into a shallow vessel, and to lay the drawing flat upon the surface of the liquid; after which it should be gently removed and placed on white blotting paper, in an inclined position, to drain and dry.

=DRENCHES.= _Syn._ DRINKS. In _veterinary practice_, these terms are applied to liquid medicines or mixtures which are administered to horses and neat cattle, and chiefly to the latter. A drench for a HORSE should not be less than half a pint, nor more than a quart; about a pint is, perhaps, the best quant.i.ty; that for a COW or OX should measure about a quart, and not more than about 5 half pints. See VETERINARY MEDICINE.

=DRES'SING.= In the _industrial arts_, a preparation of gum, starch, size, &c., employed in stiffening or "finishing off" textile fabrics and paper.

In _surgery_, the term is appropriated to any application to a wound or sore, made by means of lint, linen, or leather. SIMPLE DRESSING is simple cerate or spermaceti cerate. Among _cooks_, the stuffing of fowls, pork, veal, &c., is commonly called 'dressing.'

=DRIERS.= Driers are substances employed to facilitate the drying of paints. The driers most commonly employed are sugar of lead, litharge, and white copperas. Either of these when well ground, and mixed in small proportion with paints, very materially hastens their drying. Indeed, some colours will not dry without them. Red lead is also well adapted for a drying agent, and in cases where its colour does not preclude it, is much used. The best drier is sugar of lead. Its cost, however, is somewhat higher than that of the other driers. It is important to bear in mind that in the finishing coats of delicate colours driers are not generally had recourse to, as they have a slight tendency to injure the colour. A drying property may be imparted to linseed oil by boiling it with drying substances; it then becomes a very useful vehicle for some purposes. See OILS, DRYING.

=DRIFFIELD OILS.=--For the prevention of gangrene and for healing incised and other wounds, bruises, sprains, swellings, and external inflammations.

A dusky brownish-green clear oil, consisting of olive oil, digested with wormwood, savin, and arnica, and afterwards perfumed with a mixture of oils of rosemary, thyme, and juniper, 1 pint (474 grammes). (Hager.)

=DRINKS (Summer).= See BEER, GINGER, LEMONADE, SHERBET, &c.

=DRINK, CORDIAL= (Dr Cherwy). A herbal lemonade to heal all chronic and scrofulous diseases. It contains 115 grammes water, 15 grammes spirit, 2 grammes pota.s.sium iodide, 5 grammes bitter almond water, 10 grammes sugar, and 3 grammes burnt sugar. (Hager.)

=DRIPPING TO CLARIFY.= Put the dripping into a stewpan over the fire, and let it boil, and as it does so, skim it carefully. When it boils pour it into a basin, in which you have previously put a little cold water. It must stand till cold. It is then to be taken out of the water. The dripping will now be in the form of a cake, at the bottom of which will be found adhering little pieces of meat, skin, &c. These must be sc.r.a.ped off, and the dripping will have been purified. Another method is to mix boiling water with the dripping, to stir well, let it get cold, and then to take it out and sc.r.a.pe it as above.

=DROP.= See MEASURES.

=DROPS, CHOLERA--CHOLERATROPFEN= (A. Bastler, Vienna). Oils of anise, cajeput, and juniper berries, of each 20 parts; spirit of ether, 60 parts; tincture of cinnamon, 120 parts; Haller's acid elixir, 5 parts.--_Dose_, 30 to 50 drops. (Wittstein.)

=DROPS (Confectionery).= These are confections of which the princ.i.p.al basis is sugar. They differ from lozenges chiefly in the ingredients being combined by the aid of heat. Occasionally they are medicated.

_Prep._ Double refined sugar is reduced to powder, and pa.s.sed through a hair sieve (not too fine), and afterwards through a gauze sieve, to take out the fine dust, which would destroy the beauty of the drop. It is then put into a clean pan, and moistened with any favorite aromatic, as rose or orange-flower water, added slowly, stirring it with a paddle all the time, from which the sugar will fall as soon as it is moist enough, without sticking. The colouring (if any) is next added, in the liquid state, or in very fine powder. A small, polished copper, or tinned-copper pan, furnished with a lip, is now one half or three parts filled with the paste, and placed over the fire, or over the hole of a stove, or preferably on a sand bath, and the mixture stirred with a little bone or gla.s.s spatula until it becomes liquid. As soon as it almost boils, it is taken from the fire, and if it is too moist, a little more powdered sugar is added, and the whole stirred, until it is of such a consistence as to run without too much extension. A tin plate, very clean and smooth, and very slightly oiled, being now ready, the pan is taken in the left hand, and a bit of bright iron, copper, or silver wire, about 4 inches long, in the right. The melted sugar is next allowed to fall regularly on the tin plate, the wire being used to remove the drop from the lip of the pan. In two or three hours afterwards the drops are taken off with the blade of a knife, and are at once put into bottles or tins. On the large scale, 'confectionery drops' are moulded by a machine consisting essentially of two metal rollers covered with hollows. A sheet of the warm and soft composition, on being pa.s.sed between the rollers, is at once converted into a batch of symmetrical drops, the upper and lower halves being moulded by the corresponding hollows of the upper and lower rollers. See CANDYING, CONFECTION, ESSENCE, STAINS (Confectioner's), SUGAR PLUMS.

The following are a few of the princ.i.p.al confectionery drops kept in the shops:--

=Drops, Acid'ulated.= _Syn._ ACID DROPS. _Prep._ Tartaric acid, 1/2 oz., dissolved in a very little water, is added to each lb. of sugar, as above; with essence of lemon, orange, or jargonelle pear, to flavour, as desired.

=Drops, Chocolate.= _Prep._ Chocolate, 1 oz., is reduced to fine powder by sc.r.a.ping, and added to powdered white sugar, 1 lb.; when the mixture is made into drops, as above, care being taken to avoid heating it a second time.

=Drops, Cof'fee.= _Prep._ A clarified, concentrated infusion of coffee, 1 oz., is used for each lb. of sugar.

=Drops, Fruit.= These are prepared according to the general description.

(See _above_.) The flavouring essences (volatile oils or essences of lemon, orange, citron, raspberry, jargonelle pear, &c.) not being added until the sugar is melted, to avoid, as much as possible, loss by evaporation. The colouring matter may be any of the transparent 'stains'

usually employed for cakes, jellies, and confectionery. In this way are made the majority of the first-cla.s.s fruit drops and bon-bons of the sugar-bakers. In some cases the plan is varied by adding the clarified concentrated juice, or jelly of the fruit to the sugar. One variety of raspberry and currant (red and black) drops are made in this way.

=Drops, Ginger.= _Prep._ From essence or tincture of ginger, as above. An inferior kind is made in the way described under CANDY, GINGER.

=Drops, Jargonelle'.= Fruit drops flavoured with essence of jargonelle pear (SOLUTION OF ACETATE of AMYLE).

=Drops, Lem'on.= Acidulated drops flavoured with essence of lemon. They are usually stained with an infusion of turmeric. (See _above_.)

=Drops, Pep'permint.= From the whitest refined sugar, flavoured with English oil of peppermint or its spirituous solution (essence of peppermint), or with peppermint water.

=Drops, Rasp'berry.= See DROPS, FRUIT (_above._)

=Drops (Med'icated).= _Syn._ GUTTae, L. This term is commonly applied to compound medicines that are only taken in small doses. At the present time they are almost exclusively confined to empirical and domestic medicine.

The plan of directing liquids to be measured by dropping is objectionable, because the drops of different fluids vary in size, and are also further influenced by the size of the bottle and the shape of its neck, as well as the quant.i.ty of liquid it is poured from. See ESSENCE, and _below_.

=Drops, Acoust'ic.= _Syn._ ACOUSTIC BALSAM; GUTTae ACOUSTICae, BALSAMUM ACOUSTIc.u.m, L. _Prep._ 1. Oil of almonds, 1 oz.; laudanum and oil of turpentine, of each 1 dr.; mix. For hardened wax, and to allay pain.

2. Tinctures of benzoin, castor, and opium, of each, 1 fl. oz.; essential oil of a.s.saftida, 5 drops. As the last, and in deafness arising from debility of the organism.