An English Grammar Part 92

8. There are peculiar quavers still to be heard in that church, and which may even be heard a mile off.--IRVING.

9. The old British tongue was replaced by a debased Latin, like that spoken in the towns, and in which inscriptions are found in the western counties.--PEARSON.

10. I shall have complete copies, one of signal interest, and which has never been described.--MOTLEY.

[Sidenote: But which.]

11. "A mockery, indeed, but in which the soul trifled with itself!"--HAWTHORNE.

12. I saw upon the left a scene far different, but which yet the power of dreams had reconciled into harmony.--DE QUINCEY.

[Sidenote: Or which.]

13. He accounted the fair-spoken courtesy, which the Scotch had learned, either from imitation of their frequent allies, the French, or which might have arisen from their own proud and reserved character, as a false and astucious mark, etc.--SCOTT.

[Sidenote: That ... and which, _etc._]

420. Akin to the above is another fault, which is likewise a variation from the best usage. Two different relatives are sometimes found referring back to the same antecedent in one sentence; whereas the better practice is to choose one relative, and repeat this for any further reference.

Exercise.

Rewrite the following quotations by repeating one relative instead of using two for the same antecedent:--

[Sidenote: That ... who.]

1. Still in the confidence of children that tread without fear every chamber in their father's house, and to whom no door is closed.--DE QUINCEY.

2. Those renowned men that were our ancestors as much as yours, and whose examples and principles we inherit.--BEECHER.

3. The Tree Igdrasil, that has its roots down in the kingdoms of Hela and Death, and whose boughs overspread the highest heaven!--CARLYLE.

[Sidenote: That ... which.]

4. Christianity is a religion that reveals men as the object of G.o.d's infinite love, and which commends him to the unbounded love of his brethren.--W.E. CHANNING.

5. He flung into literature, in his Mephistopheles, the first organic figure that has been added for some ages, and which will remain as long as the Prometheus.--EMERSON.

6. Gutenburg might also have struck out an idea that surely did not require any extraordinary ingenuity, and which left the most important difficulties to be surmounted.--HALLAM.

7. Do me the justice to tell me what I have a t.i.tle to be acquainted with, and which I am certain to know more truly from you than from others.--SCOTT.

8. He will do this amiable little service out of what one may say old civilization has established in place of goodness of heart, but which is perhaps not so different from it.--HOWELLS.

9. In my native town of Salem, at the head of what, half a century ago, was a bustling wharf,--but which is now burdened with decayed wooden warehouses.--HAWTHORNE.

10. His recollection of what he considered as extreme presumption in the Knight of the Leopard, even when he stood high in the roles of chivalry, but which, in his present condition, appeared an insult sufficient to drive the fiery monarch into a frenzy of pa.s.sion.--SCOTT

[Sidenote: That which ... what.]

11. He, now without any effort but that which he derived from the sill, and what little his feet could secure the irregular crevices, was hung in air.--W.G. SIMMS.

[Sidenote: Such as ... which.]

12. It rose into a thrilling pa.s.sion, such as my heart had always dimly craved and hungered after, but which now first interpreted itself to my ear.--DE QUINCEY.

13. I recommend some honest manual calling, such as they have very probably been bred to, and which will at least give them a chance of becoming President.--HOLMES.

[Sidenote: Such as ... whom.]

14. I grudge the dollar, the dime, the cent, I give to such men as do not belong to me, and to whom I do not belong.--EMERSON.

[Sidenote: Which ... that ... that.]

15. That evil influence which carried me first away from my father's house, that hurried me into the wild and undigested notion of making my fortune, and that impressed these conceits so forcibly upon me.--DEFOE.

ADJECTIVE p.r.o.nOUNS.

[Sidenote: Each other, one another.]

421. The student is sometimes troubled whether to use each other or one another in expressing reciprocal relation or action. Whether either one refers to a certain number of persons or objects, whether or not the two are equivalent, may be gathered from a study of the following sentences:--

They [Ernest and the poet] led _one another_, as it were, into the high pavilion of their thoughts.--HAWTHORNE.

Men take _each other's_ measure when they meet for the first time.--EMERSON.

You ruffian! do you fancy I forget that we were fond of _each other_?--THACKERAY.

England was then divided between kings and Druids, always at war with _one another_, carrying off _each other's_ cattle and wives.--BREWER

The topics follow _each other_ in the happiest order.--MACAULAY.

The Peers at a conference begin to pommel _each other_.--_Id._

We call ourselves a rich nation, and we are filthy and foolish enough to thumb _each other's_ books out of circulating libraries.--RUSKIN.

The real hardships of life are now coming fast upon us; let us not increase them by dissension among _each other_.--GOLDSMITH.

In a moment we were all shaking hands with _one another_.--d.i.c.kENS.

The unjust purchaser forces the two to bid against _each other._--RUSKIN.

[Sidenote: _Distributives_ either _and_ neither.]

422. By their original meaning, either and neither refer to only two persons or objects; as, for example,--