A Thousand Sighs, A Thousand Revolts Part 23

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Happy Is He Who Calls Himself a Turk.

305: losses during Kurdish-Turkish conflict: see note for p. 98, Chapter Six.

306: creation of monolithic state: Rugman and Hutchings, Atatrk's Children, p. 26.

306: minister of Public Works sentenced to hard labor: Ibid., p. 26; McDowall, A Modern History, pp. 413, 417.

307: "the place was desolate": cited by Kemal in Chaliand, People Without a Country, p. 63, from Son Posta, April 1948.

318: "think completely in Turkish": as cited in Rugman and Hutchings, Atatrk's Children, p. 30.

319: "chauvinist cla.s.s": Ibid., p. 29.

319: "afford to lose" 70 percent: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 238.

320: Thirty thousand PKK recruits: Human Rights Watch, "Displaced and Disregarded: Turkey's Failing Village Return Program," October 2002, p. 12. Available from www.hrw.org/reports/2002/Turkey.

321: number of villages destroyed: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 440.

321: PKK 768 extra-judicial killings: Human Rights Watch letter sent to Italian Prime Minister Ma.s.simo D'Alema, Nov. 21, 1998. Available from www.hrw.org/press98/nov/ italy-ltr.htm.

321: "driven from homes by government gendarmes": Human Rights Watch, "Displaced and Disregarded," p. 3. A 19992001 study by the Migrants' a.s.sociation for Social Cooperation and Culture (Go-Der), a Turkish nongovernmental agency found that 83.7 percent of Kurdish refugees cited the actions of the Turkish security forces and emergency rule as primary reasons why they left their homes, while only 1.1 percent cited fear of the PKK.

322: $8.7 billion in U.S. military aid to Turkey, Turkey third-largest recipient of U.S. military aid: Human Rights Watch, Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey, addition of figures on pp. 28, 30.

322: use of U.S. fighter-bombers: Ibid., p. 61.

323: "calan's arrest: Time, March 1, 1999. Available from www.time.com/time/ daily/special/ocalan/bitterend.

CHAPTER NINETEEN: Alone After Dark.

32930: village resettlement: Human Rights Watch, "Displaced and Disregarded," Oct. 2002; forced to sign form relinquishing rights to compensation: p. 35; number of village guards, p. 42; "villagers are extremely wary," p. 42.

331: forty judgments against Turkish security forces: Kurdish Human Rights Project, press release, London, July 11, 2002.

337: "those killed were not real journalists": cited in McDowall, A Modern History, p.

433, from Middle East International, no. 433, Sept. 11, 1992.

338: 2000 resolution on Armenian genocide tabled: New York Times Book Review, Oct. 19, 2003.

339: "we want to put an end": cited in Michael M. Gunter, The Kurds and the Future of Turkey, p. 144, from Kurdistan Report, Nov./Dec. 1996, p. 56.

339: "there are women everywhere": Michael Ignatieff, Blood and Belonging, pp. 15355.

340: s.e.xual abuse in prison: Amnesty International, "Turkey: End s.e.xual Violence Against Women in Custody!" Feb. 23, 2003. Available from www.amnesty.org. Index # EUR 44/006/2003.

342: "let the river run": "Chave Mini, You Are My Eyes: Songs from Turkish Kurdistan." Recorded in the field by Gregory Scarborough and Jordan Bell. Translated by staff of Medya TV, Cultural Cornerstones, 2002.

344: seventeen journalists and distributors killed: Rugman and Hutchings, Atatrk's Children, p. 55.

344: 180 killed in Batman: Ibid., p. 55.

344: five hundred murdered by Hezbollah: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 432.

34445: connection between Hezbollah and Turkish state: Ibid., p. 433.

347: two hundred honor killings annually: Washington Post, Aug. 8, 2001.

CHAPTER TWENTY: Not for Money.

34950: Alexander the Great and Bitlis legend: Robert Dankoff, Evilya elebi in Bitlis: The Relevant Section of the Seyahatname, pp. 4957.

350: "not brave and warlike like other Kurds": Ibid., p. 63.

35051: "ruddy complexion," "If they see a woman": Ibid., p. 79.

351: "magician's bowls, fire": Ibid., p. 93.

353: Kurdish tribes gain strength since World War II: Martin van Bruinessen, "Kurds, States, and Tribes." Paper presented at the conference "Tribes and Power in the Middle East," London, Jan. 2324, 1999. Available from www.let.uu.nl/~martin.vanbruinessen/ personal/publications/Kurds.

360: Hakkari population growth: Kurdish Human Rights Project, press release, London, Nov. 28, 2002.

36263: livestock figures: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 448.

363: report on 2002 elections: Kurdish Human Rights Project, press release, London, Nov. 28, 2002.

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: Kurds Among Nations.

36869: Turkey's 2003 reform packages: "Europeanisation of Turkey's Democracy?" Centre for European Policy Studies Sept. 23, 2003. Available from www.euractiv.com; New York Times, Aug. 4, 2003.

369: "pa.s.s all the laws you want": Radikal, Aug. 25, 2003.

371: Osman calan wants to cooperate with West: Guardian, Oct. 8, 2003.

375: Mem u Zin story: as related by Michael L. Chyet, "And a Thornbush Sprang Up," pp. 69.

375: Khani's message of self-determination: Ibid., pp. 6162, quoting earlier scholars Amir Ha.s.sanpour-Aghdam, Roger Lescot, and Ferhad Shakely; Kreyenbroek and Allison, Kurdish Culture, p. 11.

375: "Our misfortune has reached its zenith": Khani poem, as translated by Shahin Baker and Bawermend. Available from Kurdish Poetry, www.welat.50megs.com.

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