A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature Part 25

The argument is directed against the Romanists on the one hand and the Puritans on the other, and the fundamental idea is "the unity and all embracing character of law as the manifestation of the divine order of the universe." The distinguishing note of H.'s character was what Fuller calls his "dove-like simplicity." Izaak Walton, his biographer, describes him as "an obscure, harmless man, in poor clothes, of a mean stature and stooping ... his body worn out, not with age, but study, and holy mortification, his face full of heat-pimples ... and tho' not purblind, yet short, or weak, sighted." In his calling as a parish priest he was faithful and diligent. In preaching "his voice was low ... gesture none at all, standing stone-still in the pulpit." The sixth book of the _Ecclesiastical Polity_ has been considered of doubtful authority, and to have no claim to its place, and the seventh and eighth are believed to have been put together from rough notes. Some of his MSS. were destroyed after his death by his wife's relatives. The epithet "judicious" attached to his name first appears in the inscription on his monument at Bishopsbourne.

_Works_, ed. by Keble (1836); new ed. revised by Church, etc. (1888). It includes the _Life_ by I. Walton.

HOOLE, JOHN (1727-1803).--Translator, _s._ of a watch-maker and inventor, was _b._ in London, and was in the India House, of which he rose to be princ.i.p.al auditor (1744-83). He translated Ta.s.so's _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1763), and Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1773-83), as well as other works from the Italian. He was also the author of three dramas, which failed.

He is described by Scott as "a n.o.ble trans.m.u.ter of gold into lead."

HOPE, THOMAS (1770-1831).--Novelist and writer on art, was a wealthy merchant of Amsterdam, of Scotch descent, his family having emigrated to Holland in the 17th century. In early life he spent much time in travel, studying architecture, and collecting objects of art. Returning, he settled in London, and occupied himself in arranging his vast collections. In 1807 he _pub._ a work on _Household Furniture and Decoration_, which had a great effect in improving the public taste in such matters. This was followed by two magnificent works, _On the Costume of the Ancients_ (1809), and _Designs of Modern Costumes_ (1812). Up to this time his reputation had been somewhat that of a transcendent upholsterer, but in 1819 he astonished the literary world by his novel, _Anastasius; or, Memoirs of a Modern Greek_, a work full of imagination, descriptive power, and knowledge of the world. This book, which was _pub._ anonymously, was attributed to Byron, and only credited to the author on his avowing it in _Blackwood's Magazine_. H. also wrote a treatise on the _Origin and Prospects of Man_, and _Essays on Architecture_. He was a munificent and discerning patron of rising artists.

HORNE, RICHARD HENRY or HENGIST (1803-1884).--Eccentric poet, was _b._ in London, and _ed._ at Sandhurst for the East India Company Service, but failed to get a nomination. After a youth of adventure, partly in the Mexican Navy, he returned to England, and began in 1828 a highly combative literary career with a poem, _Hecatompylos_, in the _Athenaeum_.

His next appearance, _The False Medium_ (1833), an exposition of the obstacles thrown in the way of "men of genius" by literary middlemen, raised a nest of hornets; and _Orion_, an "epic poem," _pub._ 1843 at the price of one farthing, followed. His plays, which include _Cosmo de Medici_ (1837), _The Death of Marlowe_ (1837), and _Judas Iscariot_, did not add greatly to his reputation. In _The New Spirit of the Age_ (1844), he had the a.s.sistance of Mrs. Browning. Though a writer of talent, he was not a poet.

HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL (1780-1862).--Theologian, _ed._ at Christ's Hospital, was for a time in the law, but became a great biblical scholar, and in 1818 _pub._ _Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures_ (1818), in consideration of which he was admitted to orders without the usual preliminaries, and in 1833 obtained a benefice in London and a prebend in St. Paul's, and was senior a.s.sistant in the printed books department of the British Museum (1824-60). He wrote an _Introduction to the Study of Bibliography_ (1814), and various other works, but he is chiefly remembered in connection with that first mentioned, which was frequently reprinted, and was very widely used as a text-book both at home and in America.

HOUGHTON, RICHARD MONCKTON MILNES, 1ST LORD (1809-1885).--Poet, _s._ of Robert (known as "single-speech") M., _b._ in London, and _ed._ privately and at Camb. He sat in the House of Commons for Pontefract from 1837-63, when he was raised to the Peerage. His interests were, however, mainly literary and philanthropic, and it was said of him that he "knew everybody worth knowing at home and abroad;" and his sympathies being of the widest, he was able to bring together the most opposite extremes of life and opinion. He championed the cause of oppressed nationalities, and of the slave. He _pub._ many vols. of poetry, among which were _Poetry for the People_ (1840), and _Palm Leaves_ (1848). He also wrote a Life of Keats, and various books of travels. Though he had not the depth of mind or intensity of feeling to make a great poet, his verse is the work of a man of high culture, graceful and refined, and a few of his shorter poems--such as _The Beating of my own Heart_, and _Strangers Yet_, strike a true note which gained for them wide acceptance.

HOWARD, EDWARD (_d._ 1841).--Novelist, a sea-comrade of Captain Marryat, and as sub ed. a.s.sisted him in conducting the _Metropolitan Magazine_. He wrote several sea novels, of which _Rattlin the Reefer_, sometimes attributed to Marryat, is the best known. Others were _Outward Bound_ and _Jack Ash.o.r.e_.

HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626-1698).--Dramatist, _s._ of the Earl of Berkshire, and brother-in-law of Dryden. On the outbreak of the Civil War he was of the King's party, and was imprisoned during the Commonwealth.

After the Restoration, however, he was in favour with the Court, and held many important posts. He wrote some plays, of which the best was _The Committee_, and collaborated with Dryden in _The Indian Queen_. He was at odds with him, however, on the question of rhyme, the use of which he wrote against in very indifferent blank verse.

HOWE, JOHN (1630-1705).--Puritan divine, _b._ at Loughborough, of which his _f._ was curate, studied at Camb., and became, in 1652, minister of Great Torrington, Devonshire, where he was famous for the unusual length of his sermons and prayers. In 1657 Oliver Cromwell made him his resident chaplain at Whitehall, a position which he retained under Richard C., so long as the latter held the office of Protector. On the Restoration H.

returned to Great Torrington, from which, however, he was ejected in 1662. Thereafter he wandered from place to place, preaching in secret until 1671, when he went to Ireland as chaplain to Lord Ma.s.sareene, and in 1675 he became minister of a dissenting congregation in London. In 1685 he travelled with Lord Wharton on the Continent, but returned in 1687 to London, where he _d._ in 1705. H. was the author of many excellent works of practical divinity, among which are _The Living Temple_, _Inquiry into the Doctrine of the Trinity_, and _The Divine Presence_. The substance of his writings is better than their style, which is involved and extremely diffuse, and evinces much vigour of mind.

H. is described as of a fine presence and dignified manners.

HOWELL, JAMES (1594?-1666).--Miscellaneous writer, _s._ of a clergyman at Abernant, Caermarthenshire, was at Oxf. and spent the greater part of his earlier life travelling in various Continental countries, including the Low Countries, France, Spain, and Italy, on various matters of business, during which he became versed in many languages, and ama.s.sed stores of information and observations on men and manners. He was a keen Royalist, and was on this account imprisoned in the Fleet, 1643-51. He wrote a large number of books, including _Dodona's Grove_, a political allegory, _Instructions for Foreign Travel_ (1642), _England's Tears for the Present Wars_, _A Trance, or News from h.e.l.l_, and above all, _Epistolae Ho-Elianae, Familiar Letters_, chiefly written in the Fleet to imaginary correspondents, but no doubt based upon notes of his own travels. It is one of the most interesting and entertaining books in the language.

HOWIE, JOHN (1735-1793).--Biographer, a Renfrewshire farmer, who claimed descent from an Albigensian refugee, wrote Lives of the martyrs of Scotland from Patrick Hamilton, the first, to James Renwick, the last, under the t.i.tle of _Scots Worthies_. The work of an unlettered man, it has considerable merit as regards both matter and style, and was long a cla.s.sic among the Scottish peasantry as well as higher orders of the people.

HOWITT, WILLIAM (1792-1879), HOWITT, MARY (BOTHAM) (1799-1888).--Miscellaneous writers. William H. was _b._ at Heanor, Derbyshire, and was apprenticed to a builder; Mary was _b._ at Coleford, Gloucestershire; they _m._ in 1821, and settled at Hanley, where they carried on business as chemists. Two years later they removed to Nottingham, where they remained for 12 years, and where much of their literary work was accomplished. Thereafter they lived successively at Esher, London, Heidelberg, and Rome, at the last of which they both _d._ Their literary work, which was very voluminous, was done partly in conjunction, partly independently, and covered a considerable variety of subjects--poetry, fiction, history, translations, and social and economical subjects. Useful and pleasing in its day, little of it is likely to survive. William's works include _A History of Priestcraft_ (1833), _Rural Life in England_ (1837), _Visits to Remarkable Places_, _Homes and Haunts of the Poets_, _Land, Labour, and Gold_ (1855), _Rural Life in Germany_, _History of the Supernatural_, and _History of Discovery in Australia_. Mary translated the Swedish novels of Frederica Bremer, H.C. Andersen's _Improvisatore_, and wrote novels, including _Wood Leighton_ and _The Cost of Caergwyn_, many successful tales and poems for children, and a _History of the United States_. Their joint productions include _The Forest Minstrel_, _Book of the Seasons_, and _Ruined Abbeys and Castles of Great Britain_. Both brought up as Quakers, they left that communion in 1847, and became believers in spiritualism; and in 1882 Mary joined the Church of Rome.

HUCHOWN, or SIR HUGH of EGLINTON (_fl._ 14th cent.).--Unless identified with Sir Hugh, Huchown is shrouded in mystery. He was a writer of alliterative verse, referred to by Andrew of Wyntoun. If he be identified with Sir Hugh, he was an Ayrshire n.o.bleman related to Robert II., _b.c._ 1300-20, Chamberlain of Cunningham, Justiciar of Lothian, and Commissioner for the Borders. He also held office under David II. In that case also he is believed by some scholars to have translated the poems bearing the t.i.tles _The Destruction of Troy_ and _The Wars of Alexander_.

HUGHES, JOHN (1677-1720).--Essayist and dramatist, was a clerk in the Ordnance Office, then sec. for the Commission of the Peace. He contributed to the _Spectator_, _Tatler_, and _Guardian_, ed. Spenser, and wrote several dramas, of which the best is _The Siege of Damascus_.

It was his last, he having _d._ on the first night of its performance.

Addison thought so well of his dramatic talent that he requested him to write the conclusion of _Cato_. He, however, finished it himself. H. was a highly respectable person, and is affectionately commemorated by Sir Richard Steele.

HUGHES, THOMAS (1823?-1896).--Novelist and biographer, _s._ of a Berkshire squire, was _ed._ at Rugby and Oxf., and called to the Bar in 1848. Much the most successful of his books was _Tom Brown's School-days_ (1856), which had an immense popularity, and perhaps remains the best picture of English public-school life in the language. Its sequel, _Tom Brown at Oxford_ (1861), was a comparative failure, but his _Scouring of the White Horse_ deals in a charming way with his own countryside. He also wrote Lives of Alfred the Great, Bishop Fraser, and D. Macmillan, the publisher. H. devoted much attention to philanthropic work in conjunction with Kingsley and Maurice. In 1882 he was appointed a County Court Judge.

HUME, ALEXANDER (1560-1609).--Poet, _s._ of Patrick, 5th Lord Polwarth, _ed._ at St. Andrews, and on the Continent, was originally destined for the law, but devoted himself to the service of the Church, and was minister of Logie in Stirlingshire. He _pub._ in 1599 _Hymns and Sacred Songs_, including the beautiful "Day Estival," descriptive of a summer day.

HUME, DAVID, (1711-1776).--Philosopher and historian, second _s._ of Joseph H., of Ninewells, Berwickshire, was _b._ and _ed._ in Edin., and was intended for the law. For this, however, he had no apt.i.tude, and commercial pursuits into which he was initiated in a counting-house in Bristol proving equally uncongenial, he was permitted to follow out his literary bent, and in 1734 went to France, where he pa.s.sed three years at Rheims and La Fleche in study, living on a small allowance made him by his _f._ In 1739 he _pub._ anonymously his _Treatise on Human Nature_, which attracted little attention. Having returned to Scotland, he wrote at Ninewells his _Essays, Moral and Philosophical_ (1741-42). He now became desirous of finding some employment which would put him in a position of independence, and having been unsuccessful in his candidature for the Chair of Moral Philosophy in Edin., he became in 1745 governor to the Marquis of Annandale, a n.o.bleman whose state was little removed from insanity. Two years later he accepted the more congenial appointment of Judge-Advocate-General to General St. Clair on his expedition to Port L'Orient, and in 1748 accompanied him on a diplomatic mission to France, whence he pa.s.sed on to Vienna and Turin. About the same time he produced his _Philosophical Essays_ (1748), including the famous _Essay in Miracles_ which gave rise to so much controversy. These were followed in 1751 by his _Enquiry into the Principles of Morals_, which he considered his best work; and in 1752 by his _Political Discourses_, which alone of his works had an immediate success. In the same year he applied unsuccessfully for the Chair of Logic in Glasgow, but was appointed Keeper of the Advocates' Library in Edin. The access to books and original authorities which this position gave him appears to have suggested to his mind the idea of writing a history, and the first vol.

of his _History of England_, containing the reigns of James I. and Charles I., was _pub._ in 1754. Its reception was not favourable, and the disappointment of the author was so great that, had it not been for the state of war between the two countries, he would have left his native land, changed his name, and settled permanently in France. The second vol., which appeared in 1757, dealing with the Commonwealth, and the reigns of Charles II. and James II., had a better reception, and had the effect of "buoying up its unfortunate brother." Thereafter the tide completely turned, and the remaining four vols., 1759 and 1762, in which he turned back and finished the history from the invasion of Julius Caesar to the accession of Henry VII., attained a vast popularity, which extended to the whole work. During the progress of the history H. _pub._ in 1757 _Four Dissertations: the Natural History of Religion; of the Pa.s.sions; of Tragedy; of the Standard of Taste_. Two others on _Suicide_ and on _The Immortality of the Soul_ were cancelled, but _pub._ posthumously. In 1763 H. accompanied Lord Hertford to Paris, and for a few months acted as _Charge d'Affaires_. While there he was introduced to the brilliant literary society for which the French capital was then famous. Among other acquaintances which he made was that of Rousseau, whom he persuaded to accompany him on his return home, and for whom he procured a pension. The suspicious and fickle character of R., however, soon brought the friendship to an end. Soon after his return H. received a pension, and from 1767-68 he was under-sec. to General Conway, then Sec. of State. In 1769 he retired, and returned to Edin. with an income of 1000 a year which, time and place considered, was an ample competence, and there he spent the remainder of his days, the recognised head of the intellectual and literary society of the city.

The mind of H. was one of the most original and operative of his age. His philosophy was largely a questioning of the views of previous metaphysicians, and he occupied towards mind, considered as a self-subsisting ent.i.ty, a position a.n.a.logous to that a.s.sumed by Berkeley towards matter similarly considered. He profoundly influenced European thought, and by indirectly calling into being the philosophy of Kant on the one hand, and that of the Scottish School on the other, created a new era of thought. As a historian he showed the same originality. He introduced a new and higher method of writing history than had previously been practised. Until his time chronicles and contemporary memoirs had, generally speaking, been all that had been produced; and though his great work cannot, from its frequent inaccuracies and the fact that it is not based upon original doc.u.ments, claim the character of an authority, its clear, graceful, and spirited narrative style, and its reflection of the individuality of the writer, const.i.tute it a cla.s.sic, and it must always retain a place among the masterpieces of historical literature. In character H. was kindly, candid, and good-humoured, and he was beloved as a man even by many who held his views in what was little short of abhorrence.

SUMMARY.--_B._ 1711, _ed._ at Edin., tries law and commerce, but decides for literature, goes to France 1734-37, _pub._ _Human Nature_ 1739, _Essays Moral and Philosophical_ 1741-2, governor to M. of Annandale 1745, accompanies expedition to L'Orient, engaged diplomatically 1748, _pub._ _Philosophical Essays_, including _Miracles_ 1748, _Enquiry into Principles of Morals_ 1751, _Political Discourses_ 1752, Keeper of Advocates' Library 1752, _pub._ _History of England_ 1754-62, _Four Dissertations_ 1757, _Charge d'Affaires_ at Paris 1763, became acquainted with Rousseau, under-sec. of State 1767-8, retires and settles in Edin.

1769.

_Life_ by Hill Burton (2 vols., 1846), shorter ones by Huxley, Knight, and Calderwood. _Works_ ed. by Green and Grose (4 vols., 1874). _History_ often reprinted with Smollett's continuations.

HUNNIS, WILLIAM (_d._ 1597).--Poet, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal to Edward VI., imprisoned during the reign of Mary, but after the accession of Elizabeth was released, and in 1566 made "master of the children" of the Chapel Royal. He wrote metrical versions of the Psalms, and some vols. of verse, _A Hiveful of Honey_, and _A Handful of Honeysuckles_.

HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859).--Essayist and poet, was _b._ at Southgate, and _ed._ at Christ's Hospital. A selection of his earliest poems was _pub._ by his _f._ in 1801 under the t.i.tle of _Juvenilia_. In 1805 he joined his brother John in conducting a paper, the _News_, which the latter had started. Thereafter the brothers embarked upon the _Examiner_, a paper of p.r.o.nounced Radical views. The appearance in this journal of an article on the Prince Regent in which he was described in words which have been condensed into "a fat Adonis of fifty," led to H.

being fined 500 and imprisoned for two years. With his customary genial philosophy, however, the prisoner made the best of things, turned his cell into a study, with bookcases and a piano, and his yard into a garden. He had the sympathy of many, and received his friends, including Byron, Moore, and Lamb. On his release he _pub._ his poem, _The Story of Rimini_. Two other vols. of poetry followed, _The Feast of the Poets_ and _Foliage_, in 1814 and 1818 respectively. In the latter year he started the _Indicator_, a paper something in the style of the _Spectator_ or _Tatler_, and after this had run its course the _Companion_, conceived on similar lines, took its place in 1828. In 1822 H. went to Italy with Byron, and there established the _Liberal_, a paper which did not prove a success. Disillusioned with Byron, H. returned home, and _pub._ in 1828 _Lord Byron and his Contemporaries_, a work which gave great offence to Byron's friends, who accused the author of ingrat.i.tude. In 1834 H.

started the _London Journal_, which he ed. for two years. Among his later works are _Captain Sword and Captain Pen_ (1835), _The Palfrey_, a poem, _A Legend of Florence_ (drama), _Imagination and Fancy_ (1844), _Wit and Humour_ (1846), _A Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla_ (1848), _The Old Court Suburb_ (1855), _The Town_, _Sir Ralph Esher_, a novel, and his Autobiography (1850). Although his poems have considerable descriptive power and brightness, he had not the depth and intensity to make a poet, and his reputation rests rather upon his essays, which are full of a genial philosophy, and display a love of books, and everything pleasant and beautiful. He did much to popularise the love of poetry and literature in general among his fellow-countrymen.

HURD, RICHARD (1720-1808).--Divine, and miscellaneous writer, _b._ at Congreve, Staffordshire, was _ed._ at Camb., and entering the Church, became Bishop successively of Lichfield and Worcester. He produced an ed.

of the _Ars Poetica_ of Horace, _Dissertations on Poetry_, _Dialogues on Sincerity_, _Letters on Chivalry and Romance_, and _An Introduction to the Prophecies_. He was in 1783 offered, but declined, the Primacy.

HUTCHESON, FRANCIS (1694-1746).--Philosopher, _b._ in Ireland, and _ed._ for the Presbyterian ministry at Glasgow Univ. After keeping an academy at Dublin for some years he _pub._ his _Enquiry into Beauty and Virtue_, which won for him a great reputation. In 1729 he became Prof. of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow, where he exercised a great influence over his students, and also upon the Scottish system of philosophy. In his philosophical views he was to some extent a disciple of Shaftesbury. He introduced the term, "moral sense," which he defined as a power of perceiving moral attributes in action. His _System of Moral Philosophy_ appeared posthumously in two vols.

HUTCHINSON, MRS. LUCY (_b._ 1620).--Biographer, _dau._ of Sir Allan Apsley, Lieutenant of the Tower of London, _m._ in 1638 John, afterwards Colonel, Hutchinson, one of those who signed the death-warrant of Charles I., but who afterwards protested against the a.s.sumption of supreme power by Cromwell. She has a place in literature for her Life of her husband, one of the most interesting biographies in the language, not only on account of its immediate subject, but of the light which it throws upon the characteristics and conditions of the life of Puritans of good family. Originally intended for her family only, it was printed by a descendant in 1806, and did much to clear away the false impressions as to the narrowness and austerity of the educated Puritans which had prevailed. Colonel H. and his wife were n.o.ble representatives of their cla.s.s.

HUTTON, RICHARD HOLT (1826-1897).--Essayist and miscellaneous writer, was brought up as a Unitarian, and for some time was a preacher of that body, but coming under the influence of F.D. Maurice and others of his school, joined the Church of England. He was a frequent contributor to various magazines and reviews, and a.s.sisted Walter Bagehot in ed. the _National Review_. In 1861 he became joint-proprietor and ed. of the _Spectator_.

Among his other writings may be mentioned _Essays, Theological and Literary_ (1871), _Modern Guides of English Thought_ (1887), and _Contemporary Thought and Thinkers_ (1894), which were more or less reprints or expansions of his work in periodicals, and a memoir of Bagehot prefixed to an ed. of his works.

HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY (1825-1895).--Scientific writer, _s._ of an a.s.sistant master in a public school, was _b._ at Ealing. From childhood he was an insatiable reader. In his 13th year he became a medical apprentice, and in 1842 entered Charing Cross Hospital. Thereafter he was for a few months surgeon on board the _Victory_ at Haslar, and was then appointed surgeon on H.M.S. _Rattlesnake_, which was sent to make surveys at Torres Strait. While in this position he made numerous observations, which he communicated to the Linnaean Society. In 1851 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1854 Prof. of Natural History at the School of Mines. Henceforth his life was a very full one, divided between scientific investigation and public work. He was recognised as the foremost English biologist, and was elected Pres. of the Royal Society 1883. He served on the London School Board and on various Royal Commissions. His writings are in the main distinguished by a clearness, force, and charm which ent.i.tle them to a place in literature; and besides the addition which they made to the stock of human knowledge, they did much to diffuse a love and study of science. H. was a keen controversialist, contending for the strictly scientific view of all subjects as distinguished from the metaphysical or theological, and accordingly encountered much opposition, and a good deal of abuse.

Nevertheless, he was not a materialist, and was in sympathy with the moral and tender aspects of Christianity. He was a strong supporter of the theory of evolution. Among the more eminent of his opponents were Bishop Wilberforce and Mr. Gladstone. His _pub._ works, including scientific communications, are very numerous. Among the more important are those on the _Medusae_, _Zoological Evidences of Man's Place in Nature_ (1863), _Elementary Lessons on Physiology_ (1866), _Evolution and Ethics_ (1893), _Collected Essays_ (9 vols. 1893-4). He was also an admirable letter-writer, as appears from the _Life and Letters_, ed. by his son, and to him we owe the word, and almost the idea, "Agnostic."

INCHBALD, MRS. ELIZABETH (SIMPSON) (1753-1821).--Novelist and dramatist, _dau._ of a Suffolk farmer. In a romantic fit she left her home at the age of 16, and went to London, where she became acquainted with Inchbald the actor, who _m._ her in 1772. Seven years later her husband _d._, and for the next ten years she was on the stage, chiefly in Scotland and Ireland. She produced many plays, including _Mogul Tale_ (1784), _I'll Tell you What_ (1785), _Appearance is against Them_ (1785), _Such Things Are_, _The Married Man_, _The Wedding Day_, and two novels, _A Simple Story_ (1791), and _Nature and Art_ (1796), which have been frequently reprinted. She also made a collection of plays, _The Modern Theatre_, in 10 vols. Her life was remarkable for its simplicity and frugality, and a large part of her earnings was applied in the maintenance of a delicate sister. Though of a somewhat sentimental and romantic nature, she preserved an unblemished reputation.

INGELOW, JEAN (1820-1897).--Poetess and novelist, _dau._ of a banker at Boston, Lincolnshire, _pub._ three vols. of poems, of which perhaps the best known individual piece is "The High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire," and several successful novels, including _Off the Skelligs_ (1872), _Fated to be Free_ (1875), and _Sarah de Berenger_ (1879). She also wrote excellent stories for children, _Mopsa the Fairy_, _Stories told to Children_, etc. Her poems show a considerable lyric gift.