1492 - The Year Our World Began Part 8

Chapter 5: "Is G.o.d Angry with Us?".

1. E. Armstrong, Lorenzo de' Medici Lorenzo de' Medici (London and New York: Putnam, 1897), 3089. (London and New York: Putnam, 1897), 3089.2. Armstrong, Lorenzo de' Medici, Lorenzo de' Medici, 314. 314.3. J. Burchard, At the Court of the Borgia, At the Court of the Borgia, ed. G. Parker (London: Folio Society, 1963), 412. ed. G. Parker (London: Folio Society, 1963), 412.4. Lorenzo de' Medici, Lettere, Lettere, vol. 6, ed. M. Mallett (Florence: Barbera, 1990), 100. vol. 6, ed. M. Mallett (Florence: Barbera, 1990), 100.5. L. Martines, April Blood April Blood (Oxford; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006), 21420. (Oxford; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006), 21420.6. Martines, April Blood, April Blood, 22123. 22123.7. E. B. Fryde, "Lorenzo de' Medici's Finances and Their Influence on His Patronage of Art," in Humanism and Renaissance Historiography Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London: Hambledon Press, 1983), 14557. (London: Hambledon Press, 1983), 14557.8. Lorenzo de Medici: Selected Poems and Prose, Lorenzo de Medici: Selected Poems and Prose, ed. J. Thiem et al. (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1991), 67 (translation modified). ed. J. Thiem et al. (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1991), 67 (translation modified).9. L. Polizzotto, "Lorenzo il Magnifico, Savonarola and Medicean Dynasticism," in B. Toscani, ed., Lorenzo de' Medici: New Perspectives Lorenzo de' Medici: New Perspectives (New York: Peter Lang Publishing Group, 1993), 33155. (New York: Peter Lang Publishing Group, 1993), 33155.10. F. W. Kent, Lorenzo de' Medici and the Art of Magnificence Lorenzo de' Medici and the Art of Magnificence (Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ. Press, 2004), esp. 91; J. Beck, "Lorenzo il Magnifico and His Cultural Possessions," in Toscani, ed., (Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ. Press, 2004), esp. 91; J. Beck, "Lorenzo il Magnifico and His Cultural Possessions," in Toscani, ed., Lorenzo, Lorenzo, 138. 138.11. L. Martines, Scourge and Fire: Savonarola and Renaissance Italy Scourge and Fire: Savonarola and Renaissance Italy (London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 2006), 1214 (translation modified). (London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 2006), 1214 (translation modified).12. D. Beebe et al., eds., Selected Writings of Girolamo Savonarola: Religion and Politics, Selected Writings of Girolamo Savonarola: Religion and Politics, 14901498 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 2006), 27. 14901498 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 2006), 27.13. Beebe et al., Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, 72. 72.14. Beebe et al., Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, 6869. 6869.15. Beebe et al., Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, 73. 73.16. G. Savonarola, "Prediche ai Fiorentini," in. C. Varese, ed. La letteratura italiana La letteratura italiana, vol. 14 (Milan: Garzanti, 1955): 90.17. S. Meltzoff, Botticelli, Signorelli and Savonarola: Theology and Painting from Boccaccio to Poliziano Botticelli, Signorelli and Savonarola: Theology and Painting from Boccaccio to Poliziano (Florence: L. S. Olschki, 1987), 53. (Florence: L. S. Olschki, 1987), 53.18. Beebe et al., Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, 72. 72.19. Burchard, Court of the Borgia, Court of the Borgia, 1:37273. 1:37273.20. Y. Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII: Le vouloir et la destinee Charles VIII: Le vouloir et la destinee (Paris: Fayard, 1986), 2728. (Paris: Fayard, 1986), 2728.21. J. d'Arras, Melusine, Melusine, ed. C. Brunet (Paris: Brunet, 1854), 121. ed. C. Brunet (Paris: Brunet, 1854), 121.22. Historia de la linda Melosina Historia de la linda Melosina, ed. I. A. Corfis (Madison: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1986), chap. 23, p. 54.23. Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, Charles VIII, 17. 17.24. Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, Charles VIII, 101; A. Denis, 101; A. Denis, Charles VIII et les italiens: histoire et mythe Charles VIII et les italiens: histoire et mythe (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1979), 23. (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1979), 23.25. Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, Charles VIII, 11016. 11016.26. P. Martyr Anglerius, Opus Epistolarum Opus Epistolarum (1670), 6768. (1670), 6768.27. Pastor, History of the Popes, History of the Popes, 366. 366.28. Pastor, History of the Popes, History of the Popes, 46970. 46970.29. Meltzoff, Botticelli, Signorelli and Savonarola, Botticelli, Signorelli and Savonarola, 80. 80.30. P. Schaff, History of the Christian Church History of the Christian Church (New York: Scribner, 1910), 6:68. (New York: Scribner, 1910), 6:68.31. Beebe et al., Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, Writings of Girolamo Savonarola, 137. 137.32. S. dell'Aglio, Il tempo di Savonarola Il tempo di Savonarola (Tavarnuzze: Galluzzo, 2006), 204. (Tavarnuzze: Galluzzo, 2006), 204.

Chapter 6: Toward "the Land of Darkness".

1. G. Bezzola, Die Mongolen in abendlandisches Sicht Die Mongolen in abendlandisches Sicht (Bern and Munich: Francke, 1972). (Bern and Munich: Francke, 1972).2. J. J. Saunders, "Matthew Paris and the Mongols," in T. A. Sandquist and M. R. Powicke, eds., Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1969), 11632. (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1969), 11632.3. F. Fernandez-Armesto, "Medieval Ethnography," in Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford (1982), xiii. (1982), xiii.4. J. Fennell, The Crisis of Medieval Russia The Crisis of Medieval Russia (London; New York: Longman, 1983), 88. (London; New York: Longman, 1983), 88.5. R. C. Howes, The Testaments of the Grand Princes of Moscow The Testaments of the Grand Princes of Moscow (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1967), 295. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1967), 295.6. D. Ostrowski, Muscovy and the Mongols Muscovy and the Mongols (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998), 14455. (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998), 14455.7. R. Mitch.e.l.l and N. Forbes, eds., The Chronicle of Novgorod, 10161471 The Chronicle of Novgorod, 10161471 (Hattiesburg, Miss.: Academic International, 1970), 915. (Hattiesburg, Miss.: Academic International, 1970), 915.8. R. Cormack and D. Glaser, eds., The Art of Holy Russia The Art of Holy Russia (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1998), 180. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1998), 180.9. Y. Slezkine, Arctic Mirrors Arctic Mirrors (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1991), 3334. (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1991), 3334.10. J. L. B. Martin, Medieval Russia Medieval Russia (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995), 288. (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995), 288.11. M. Isoaho, The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in Medieval Russia The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in Medieval Russia (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006), 173. (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006), 173.12. J. Fennell, Ivan the Great of Moscow Ivan the Great of Moscow (London: Macmillan, 1963), 41. (London: Macmillan, 1963), 41.13. Fennell, Ivan the Great, Ivan the Great, 43. 43.14. Fennell, Ivan the Great, Ivan the Great, 46, 55. 46, 55.15. Fennell, Ivan the Great, Ivan the Great, 59. 59.16. G. Alef, Rulers and n.o.bles in Fifteenth-Century Muscovy Rulers and n.o.bles in Fifteenth-Century Muscovy (London: Variorum Reprints, 1983), item 5, p. 54. (London: Variorum Reprints, 1983), item 5, p. 54.17. F. Fernandez-Armesto, Millennium Millennium (London: Bantam, 1995), 124. (London: Bantam, 1995), 124.18. D. Obolensky, Byzantium and the Slavs Byzantium and the Slavs (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1994), 185. (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1994), 185.19. Alef, Rulers and n.o.bles, Rulers and n.o.bles, item 9, p. 8. item 9, p. 8.20. Fennell, Ivan the Great, Ivan the Great, 121. 121.21. Alef, Rulers and n.o.bles, Rulers and n.o.bles, item 9, p. 7. item 9, p. 7.22. Alef, Rulers and n.o.bles, Rulers and n.o.bles, item 5, p. 25; Ostrowski, item 5, p. 25; Ostrowski, Muscovy and the Mongols, Muscovy and the Mongols, 226. 226.23. Isoaho, Aleksandr Nevskiy, Aleksandr Nevskiy, 292. 292.24. R. Feuer-Toth, Art and Humanism in Hungary in the Age of Mathias Corvinus Art and Humanism in Hungary in the Age of Mathias Corvinus (Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1990), 97. (Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1990), 97.25. Howes, Grand Princes of Moscow, Grand Princes of Moscow, 26798. 26798.

Chapter 7: "That Sea of Blood".

1. F. Fernandez-Armesto, Columbus Columbus (London: Duckworth Publishers, 1996), 2. (London: Duckworth Publishers, 1996), 2.2. Don Quixote, 2:16.3. C. Varela, Cristobal Colon: Textos y doc.u.mentos completos Cristobal Colon: Textos y doc.u.mentos completos (Madrid: Alianza, 1984), 1516. (Madrid: Alianza, 1984), 1516.4. F. Fernandez-Armesto, Columbus on Himself Columbus on Himself (London: Folio Society, 1992), 43. (London: Folio Society, 1992), 43.5. Fernandez-Armesto, Columbus on Himself, Columbus on Himself, 16. 16.6. B. de Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, Historia de las Indias, 2 vols. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1951), 1:189. 2 vols. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1951), 1:189.7. Varela, Cristobal Colon, Cristobal Colon, 2324. 2324.8. Fernandez-Armesto, Columbus on Himself, Columbus on Himself, 56; Varela, 56; Varela, Cristobal Colon, Cristobal Colon, 2224. 2224.9. Varela, Cristobal Colon, Cristobal Colon, 2730. 2730.10. F. Fernandez-Armesto, "Colon y los libros de caballeria," in Colon, Colon, ed. C. Martinez Shaw (Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y Leon, 2006). ed. C. Martinez Shaw (Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y Leon, 2006).11. Varela, Cristobal Colon, Cristobal Colon, 8384. 8384.12. Varela, Cristobal Colon, Cristobal Colon, 97101. 97101.13. S. E. Morison, Journals and Other Doc.u.ments on the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus Journals and Other Doc.u.ments on the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (New York: Heritage Press, 1963), 21619. (New York: Heritage Press, 1963), 21619.14. Las Casas, Historia, Historia, vol. 1, 313. vol. 1, 313.15. Fernandez-Armesto, Columbus, Columbus, 95. 95.

Chapter 8: "Among the Singing Willows".

1. J. Cahill, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty Parting at the Sh.o.r.e: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty (New York: Weatherhill, 1978). (New York: Weatherhill, 1978).2. G. Uzielli, La vita e i tempi di Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, La vita e i tempi di Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, Raccolta Colombiana 5 (Rome: Reale Commissione Colombiana, 1894), 57172. Raccolta Colombiana 5 (Rome: Reale Commissione Colombiana, 1894), 57172.3. J. Meskill, ed., Ch'oe Pu's Diary: A Record of Drifting Across the Sea Ch'oe Pu's Diary: A Record of Drifting Across the Sea (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1965), 22. (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1965), 22.4. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 50. 50.5. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 52. 52.6. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 53. 53.7. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 65. 65.8. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 63, 9394. 63, 9394.9. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 65. 65.10. D. Twitchet and F. W. Mote, eds., The Cambridge History of China, The Cambridge History of China, vol. 8, pt. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 699. vol. 8, pt. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 699.11. I. A. Sim, "The Merchant w.a.n.g Zhen, 14241495," in The Human Tradition in Premodern China, The Human Tradition in Premodern China, ed. K. J. Hammond (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 2002), 15764. ed. K. J. Hammond (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 2002), 15764.12. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 107. 107.13. Twitchet and Mote, Cambridge History of China, Cambridge History of China, 920. 920.14. Twitchet and Mote, Cambridge History of China, Cambridge History of China, 878. 878.15. Cahill, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, 90. 90.16. Cahill, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, 90. 90.17. Cahill, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, Parting at the Sh.o.r.e, 89. 89.18. J. Duyvendak, "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century," T'oung Pao T'oung Pao 34 (1938): 399412. 34 (1938): 399412.19. R. Finlay, "The Treasure Ships of Zheng He," Terrae Incognitae Terrae Incognitae 23 (1991):112. 23 (1991):112.20. Duyvendak, "Chinese Maritime Expeditions," 410.21. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 8, 146. 8, 146.22. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 57. 57.23. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 65. 65.24. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 93. 93.25. Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korean Branch, Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korean Branch, 2 (1902), 36 (translation modified). 2 (1902), 36 (translation modified).26. Transactions, Transactions, 37. 37.27. Transactions, Transactions, 36, 3940. 36, 3940.28. Transactions, Transactions, 38. 38.29. Meskill, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, Ch'oe Pu's Diary, 65. 65.30. E. Ramirez-Christensen, Heart's Flower: The Life and Poetry of Shinkei Heart's Flower: The Life and Poetry of Shinkei (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1994), 20. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1994), 20.31. D. Keene, Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of j.a.pan Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of j.a.pan (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2003), 70. (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2003), 70.32. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 5. 5.33. Ramirez-Christensen, Heart's Flower Heart's Flower, 2024.34. D. Keene, ed., Travelers of a Hundred Ages Travelers of a Hundred Ages (New York: Holt, 1989), 211. (New York: Holt, 1989), 211.35. Ramirez-Christensen, Heart's Flower Heart's Flower, 20.36. K. A. Grossberg, j.a.pan's Renaissance: The Politics of the Muromachi Bakufu j.a.pan's Renaissance: The Politics of the Muromachi Bakufu (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 2001). (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 2001).37. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 69. 69.38. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 117. 117.39. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 88. 88.40. Grossberg, j.a.pan's Renaissance, j.a.pan's Renaissance, 62. 62.41. Q. E. Phillips, The Practices of Painting in j.a.pan, 14751500 The Practices of Painting in j.a.pan, 14751500 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 2000), 148. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 2000), 148.42. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 164. 164.43. Keene, Yoshimasa, Yoshimasa, 107. 107.44. Phillips, Practices of Painting, Practices of Painting, 3. 3.45. Ramirez-Christensen, Heart's Flower, Heart's Flower, 155. 155.46. Ramirez-Christensen, Heart's Flower, Heart's Flower, 152. 152.47. D. Carter, The Road to Komatsubara: A Cla.s.sical Reading of the Renga Hyakuin The Road to Komatsubara: A Cla.s.sical Reading of the Renga Hyakuin (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard Univ., 1987), 117, 143. (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard Univ., 1987), 117, 143.

Chapter 9: "The Seas of Milk and b.u.t.ter".

1. R. H. Major, ed., India in the Fifteenth Century India in the Fifteenth Century (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1857), 713. (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1857), 713.2. S.-S. H. Tsai, Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 2001), 178208. (Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 2001), 178208.3. J. Duyvendak, "Chinese Maritime Expeditions," 399412; T. Filesi and D. Morison, eds., China and Africa in the Middle Ages China and Africa in the Middle Ages (London: Frank Ca.s.s, 1972), 5761. (London: Frank Ca.s.s, 1972), 5761.4. Duyvendak, "Chinese Maritime Expeditions," 399406.5. L. Levathes, When China Ruled the Seas When China Ruled the Seas (New York: Scribner, 1994). (New York: Scribner, 1994).6. Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Sh.o.r.es, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Sh.o.r.es, ed. J. R.V. Mills (Cambridge: The Hakluyt Society, 1970), 69, 70, 179. ed. J. R.V. Mills (Cambridge: The Hakluyt Society, 1970), 69, 70, 179.7. E. L. Dreyer, Early Ming China Early Ming China (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1982), 120. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1982), 120.8. Kuei-Sheng Chang, "The Ming Maritime Enterprise and China's Knowledge of Africa Prior to the Age of Great Discoveries," Terra Incognita Terra Incognita 3 (1971): 3344. 3 (1971): 3344.9. Major, India, India, 10. 10.10. Major, India, India, 6. 6.11. Major, India, India, 8. 8.12. Major, India, India, 9. 9.13. Major, India, India, 30. 30.14. Major, India, India, 23. 23.15. Major, India, India, 11. 11.16. N. M. Penzer, ed., The Most n.o.ble and Famous Travels The Most n.o.ble and Famous Travels (London: The Argonaut Press, 1929), 169. (London: The Argonaut Press, 1929), 169.17. C. E. B. Asher and C. Talbot, India Before Europe India Before Europe (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006), 107. (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006), 107.18. Asher and Talbot, India Before Europe, India Before Europe, 77. 77.19. Major, India, India, 18. 18.20. H. Khan Sherwani, The Bahmanis of the Deccan The Bahmanis of the Deccan (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1985), 238. (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1985), 238.21. A. Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic Worlds, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic Worlds, vol. 3 (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2004), 136. vol. 3 (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2004), 136.22. A. Halim, History of the Lodi Sultans of Delhi and Agra History of the Lodi Sultans of Delhi and Agra (Delhi: Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I-Delli, 1974), 10813. (Delhi: Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I-Delli, 1974), 10813.23. See, however, K. S. Lal, Twilight of the Sultanate Twilight of the Sultanate (Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1963), 19194. (Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1963), 19194.24. M. N. Pearson, "The East African Coast in 1498: A Synchronic Study," in Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia, Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia, ed. A. Disney and E. Booth (Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000), 11630. ed. A. Disney and E. Booth (Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000), 11630.25. M. L. Dames, ed., The Book of Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa, 2 vols. (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1918, 1921), vol. 1, 29. 2 vols. (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1918, 1921), vol. 1, 29.26. Pearson, "East African Coast," 119.27. N. Tarling, ed., The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, vol. 1 (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992), 483. vol. 1 (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992), 483.28. The Lusiads in Sri Richard Fanshawe's Translation, The Lusiads in Sri Richard Fanshawe's Translation, ed. G. Bullough (London: Centaur, 1963), 329. ed. G. Bullough (London: Centaur, 1963), 329.29. R. Winstedt, The Malays: A Cultural History The Malays: A Cultural History (London: Routledge, 1958), 3344. (London: Routledge, 1958), 3344.30. Tarling, Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 409. 409.31. E. J. Jurji, Illumination in Islamic Mysticism Illumination in Islamic Mysticism (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1938), 37. (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1938), 37.32. Jurji, Illumination, Illumination, 30. 30.33. Jurji, Illumination, Illumination, 33. 33.34. Jurji, Illumination, Illumination, 110. 110.35. Jurji, Illumination, Illumination, 63. 63.36. W. C. Chittick, trans., "Gleams," in Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light, Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light, by S. Murata (Albany: SUNY Press, 2000), 144. by S. Murata (Albany: SUNY Press, 2000), 144.37. Chittick, "Gleams," 192.38. Chittick, "Gleams," 180.39. Chittick, "Gleams," 140.40. Chittick, "Gleams," 148.41. Joseph and Zuleika by Jami, Joseph and Zuleika by Jami, ed. C. F. Horne (Ames, Iowa: Lips...o...b.., 1917), 17. ed. C. F. Horne (Ames, Iowa: Lips...o...b.., 1917), 17.42. Joseph and Zuleika, Joseph and Zuleika, 1819. 1819.

Chapter 10: "The Fourth World".

1. J. Lopez de Toru, "La conquista de Gran Canaria en la cuarta decada del cronista Alonso de Palencia," Anuario de estudios atlanticos Anuario de estudios atlanticos 16 (1970):32594. 16 (1970):32594.2. M. R. Alonso Rodriguez, "Las endechas a la muerte de Guillen Peraza," Anuario de estudios atlanticos Anuario de estudios atlanticos 2 (1956): 45771. 2 (1956): 45771.3. M. Ruiz Benitez de Lugo-Marmot, Doc.u.mentos para la historia de Canarias Doc.u.mentos para la historia de Canarias (Las Palmas: Gobierno de Canarias, 2000), 35. (Las Palmas: Gobierno de Canarias, 2000), 35.4. J. Alvarez Delgado, "Primera conquista y colonizacion de la Gomera," Anuario de estudios atlanticos Anuario de estudios atlanticos 6 (1960): 44592. 6 (1960): 44592.5. J. Viera y Clavijo, Historia de Canarias, Historia de Canarias, 3 vols. (Madrid: n.p., 177175; vol. 2, 1773), 2:15155. 3 vols. (Madrid: n.p., 177175; vol. 2, 1773), 2:15155.6. F. Solis, Gloria y fama mexica Gloria y fama mexica (Mexico City: Smurfit, 1991), 98112. (Mexico City: Smurfit, 1991), 98112.7. R. A. Covey, How the Incas Built Their Heartland How the Incas Built Their Heartland (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2006), 52. (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2006), 52.8. Covey, Heartland, Heartland, 227. 227.9. Covey, Heartland, Heartland, 219. 219.10. T. N. D'Altroy, The Incas The Incas (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002), 104. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002), 104.11. Covey, Heartland, Heartland, 151. 151.12. D'Altroy, Incas, Incas, 95, 173. 95, 173.13. D'Altroy, Incas, Incas, 97. 97.

Epilogue: The World We're In 1. Summary in D. Nirenberg, "Figures of Thought and Figures of Flesh: 'Jews' and 'Judaism' in Late-Medieval Spanish Poetry and Politics," Speculum Speculum 81 (2006): 425. 81 (2006): 425.2. S. Subrahmanyam, The Career and the Legend of Vasco da Gama The Career and the Legend of Vasco da Gama (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997), 111. (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997), 111.

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About the Author.

FELIPE FERNaNDEZ-ARMESTO is currently the William P. Reynolds Professor of History at Notre Dame University, and is on the editorial board of the is currently the William P. Reynolds Professor of History at Notre Dame University, and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Global History Journal of Global History. Fernandez-Armesto is also a member of the history faculty at Queen Mary College, University of London. The author, coauthor, or editor of more than twenty-five books, Fernandez-Armesto's work has been translated into twenty-two languages. His books include Before Columbus; The Times Ill.u.s.trated History of Europe; Columbus; Millennium: A History of the Last Thousand Years Before Columbus; The Times Ill.u.s.trated History of Europe; Columbus; Millennium: A History of the Last Thousand Years (the subject of a ten-part series on CNN); (the subject of a ten-part series on CNN); Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature; Near a Thousand Tables; The Americas; Ideas That Changed the World; Humankind: A Brief History; The Times Atlas of World Exploration; Reformations; Truth Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature; Near a Thousand Tables; The Americas; Ideas That Changed the World; Humankind: A Brief History; The Times Atlas of World Exploration; Reformations; Truth; and The Times Guide to the Peoples of Europe. The Times Guide to the Peoples of Europe.

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Ideas That Changed the World

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