1001 Questions and Answers on Orthography and Reading Part 6

54. _What is a Suffix?_ Same as a postfix.

55. _What are Affixes?_ Prefixes and postfixes together are called affixes.

56. _How many kinds of Derivatives are there?_ Two.

57. _What are they?_ Regular and irregular.

58. _What is a Regular derivative?_ One that is formed by the addition of affixes without changing the letters in the primitive part (except final _e_ silent).

59. _What is an Irregular derivative?_ One in which the letters of the primitive part are changed.

60. _In using Affixes, what rule should be observed?_ The affix and root should be from the same language.

61. _Is the same rule to be observed in forming Compound words?_ It is.

62. _What is a Mongrel compound word?_ One formed contrary to the rule.

63. _Give an example._ Cable-graph and cable-gram.

64. _What are Barbarisms?_ Same as mongrel.

65. _When use the hyphen in Compound words?_ When they are not permanently compounded.

66. _What is an Obsolete word?_ One gone out of date.

RULES AND TERMS.

1. _What is Spelling?_ A distinct expression of the letters or sounds of a word in their proper order.

2. _How many kinds of Spelling?_ Two.

3. _What are they?_ Orthographic and Phonic.

4. _What is Orthographic spelling?_ An expression of the letters of a written or printed word in their proper order.

5. _What is Phonic spelling?_ An expression of the elementary sounds of a word in their proper order, according to established usage.

6. _What is meant by good usage?_ The usage, or custom, of the best speakers and writers of the times.

7. _How do we know when we have spelled a word correctly?_ By reference to the Dictionary?

8. _What is a Lexicographer?_ An author of a dictionary.

9. _Can we spell by Rules?_ We cannot.

10. _Why?_ Because there are too many exceptions.

11. _What makes a rule in Orthography?_ Whenever a letter is silent, or usually so, a rule is formed.

12. _Why is c placed before r in acre, ma.s.sacre, etc.?_ To preserve the hard sound of c.

13. _What is the rule for Digraphs?_ A digraph must have one vowel silent.

14. _Give rule for E final._ E final is silent when another vowel precedes it in the same syllable.

15. _What effect does final E have on the preceding vowel?_ It usually preserves its long sound.

16. _When is B silent?_ Before _t_, or after _m_, in the same syllable.

17. _When is C silent?_ Before _k_ in the same syllable; also, before _z_, _l_, or _t_, in a few words.

18. _When is D silent?_ Before _g_ in the same syllable.

19. _When is G silent?_ Before _m_ or _n_ in the same syllable.

20. _When is H silent?_ After _g_ or _r_ in the same syllable; and _h_ final after a vowel is always silent; also, in a few words after _t_, and initial in a few words.

21. _When is L silent?_ After _a_ when followed by _f_, _m_, _k_, or _v_, except in the word valve; also, before _d_ in could, etc.

22. _When is M silent?_ Before _n_ in a few words.

23. _When is N silent?_ Final after _l_ or _m_.

24. _When is P silent?_ Initial before _n_, _s_, or _t_.

25. _When is S silent?_ In a few irregular words; as, _isle_, _puisne_, _viscount_, _corps_, etc.

26. _When is T silent?_ Before _ch_ in the same syllable; also, in _Christmas_, _eclat_, _mortgage_, etc.

27. _When is V silent?_ In two words only--_Sevennight_ and _Twelvemonth_.

28. _When is W silent?_ Before _r_ in the same syllable also, in _whoop_, _sword_, _two_, etc.

29. _When is Gh silent?_ After _i_ in the same syllable; also, after _au_ and _ou_ in some words.

30. _When is Ch silent?_ In a few words; as, _drachm_, _yacht_, etc.

31. _When is Z silent?_ In one word only--_Rendezvous_.

32. _What letters are never silent?_ F, J, Q, and R.

33. _What is meant by Antecedent part of a syllable?_ That part before the vowel.

34. _What is the Consequent part of a syllable?_ That part which follows the vowel.