Reflections on Dr. Swift's Letter to Harley (1712) and The British Academy (1712) Part 2

----_Hae +Tibi+ erunt Artes:_ _Pacisq; imponere Morem._ Virgil.

_LONDON_:

Printed in the Year MDCCXII.

Price Two-pence.

The

_British_ Academy, _&c._

Such is our Case at present, that if we have a Mind to be agreeably entertain'd with the State of our own Affairs, we must look into Foreign Papers, rather than into those that are publish'd here by Authority; and therefore I often read the _Dutch_ Prints with the same Eagerness and Pleasure, as the _French_ at _Paris_ read the _Post Boy_. If we have no good News for Our selves here, we may sometimes find some from _Holland_; and what is good, is so rare, that I had rather have it from any Place, than not at all. I was so delighted with the following Paragraph in the _Amsterdam_ Gazette of the 20th of _May_ 1712. _N.S._ that I cou'd not help transcribing, and turning it into _English_, that such Comfortable Tidings to _Men of Obscure Merit_, might be convey'd all over the Nation. And I shall endeavour to prove, that the Design there mention'd, is much likelier to succeed in _England_, than ever it was in _France_.

The Words of the _Dutch_ Gazette are as follows, in the Article from _London_.

_Il s'est forme ici depuis peu +une Societe pour recompenser & encourager le Merite, par report aux beaux Arts+. Elle doit etre composee de 21 Membres, dont il y en a deja 19 d'Arretez savoir les Ducs de Beaufort & d'Ormond; les Comites d'Arran & d'Orrery: les Lords Duplin, Gendre du Grand Tresorier; Harley, Fils dudit Tresorier; Lansdowne, Secretaire des Guerres; Masham & Bathurst: les Chevalier Windham: Messieurs St. Jean, Secretaire d'Etat: Harcourt Fils du Garde des Seaux; Raymond Solliciteur-General; les Colonels Hill & Desney; Swif, Docteur en Theologie; Prior Arbuthnott, Medicin de la Reine; & Friend, Medicin du Duc d'Ormond. Ces Messieurs, qui ont reserve de Nommer les Deux autre, Membres lors qu'ils le jugeront a propos, s'a.s.semblant tous les Jeudis, & ont deja fait des gratifications a quelques Auteurs dont les ouvrages ont ete goutez, & recommande d'autres aux Ministres d'Etat pour avoir quelque Etabliss.e.m.e.nt._

There has been lately form'd here _a Society to Reward and Encourage Merit, with respect to the Liberal Arts and Sciences_. It is to be composed of 21 Members, of which Number there are already 19 chosen: That is to say, The Dukes of _Beaufort_ and _Ormond_; the Earls of _Arran_ and _Orrory_; the Lords _Duplin_, Son-in-Law of the Great Treasurer; _Harley_, Son of the said Treasurer; _Lansdown_, Secretary of War; _Masham_ and _Bathurst_; Sir _W. Windham_; Mr. _St. John_, Secretary of State; _Harcourt_, Son of the Lord Keeper; and _Raymond_, Sollicitor-General: The Colonels _Hill_ and _Desney_; _Swift_, Doctor of Divinity; _Prior_, _Arbuthnott_ the Queen's Physician; and _Friend_, Physician to the Duke of _Ormond_. These Gentlemen who have deferr'd naming the other Two Members till such time as they think fit, do now a.s.semble every _Thursday_, and have already given Rewards to some Authors, whose Works have been approved of, and have recommended Others to the Ministers of State, that they may have some Establishment.

This Fact being thus fairly related, the Reader is desired to observe, That it was in the Year 1629, under the single Ministry of Cardinal _Richlieu_, when a Society of such great Wits was first form'd at _Paris_; which was soon after establish'd, by an Edict of the King, with the Style and t.i.tle of the _French_ Academy. And it is left to be determin'd by all Judicious Readers, whether this _British_ Seminary of Wit and Learning is not a Copy of that Renown'd Society in _France_; and whether the Design and Model of it has not been approved of there, since our happy Correspondence with that Ingenious Nation.

The _French_ Society consisted only at their first Meeting, of Seven or Eight Men of Letters, who met together to talk about their Books and Writings: And it was some time before Monsieur _Servien_, Secretary of State, and other Persons, distinguish'd by their Condition, as well as by their Merit, were added to the Company. But here we see the _British_ Society, at the very first Formation of it, is compos'd of no less than Two Dukes, not only capable of _Rewarding_, but of Judging, as well as of Writing: And likewise of Two Earls; Five Lords; One Knight; One Secretary of State; Two Colonels of Foot, and One Squire: Not to mention the Lawyer; the Doctors; the Religious Priest; and the Poet. What therefore may we not expect from the future Progress of this Society, which sets out with so much greater l.u.s.tre, than that of its Original at _Paris_; so famous now all over _Europe_.

The Great End and Business of the _French_ Academy, was to correct and refine their Language, as may be seen at large in the History of that Academy, written by Monsieur _Pelisson_: And we have already a Proposal, publish'd the 17th of _May_ 1712, _for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the +English+ Tongue, in a Letter to the most Honourable +Robert+ Earl of +Oxford+ and +Mortimer+, Lord High Treasurer of +Great Britain+: By +Jonathan Swift+, D.D._

_Louis_, King of France, by Letters Patents, in the Year 1635, having mention'd the Great Things done for the Glory and Embellishment of _France_, by his dearly belov'd Cousin the Cardinal _Richlieu_, His Princ.i.p.al Minister of State, gives that Minister Power and Authority to call himself the Chief, and the Protector of the _French_ Academy: And doubtless the Scheme of this _British_ Academy is form'd with a View no less Glorious; That the Great and Memorable Actions of this _Minister_; the mighty Things perfom'd for the Allies and the Common Cause; the vast Successes against the Enemy; and, above all, the Restoring of Credit, and Paying the Publick Debts, may be fairly transmitted to Posterity.

That this is the chief Design of our _new Erected Society_, is plainly insinuated by the Author of the Letter before mentioned; for which the Reader may please to see his own Words: _If Things go on_, says he, _at the present Rate_, (that is, if our Language be not corrected, improved, and ascertain'd,) _all I can promise your Lordship, is, That about Two hundred Years hence some painful Compiler, who will be at the Trouble of studying old Language, may inform the World, that in the Reign of +Queen ANNE+, +ROBERT Earl of OXFORD, a very Wise and Excellent Man+, was made +High Treasurer+, and saved his Countrey._ [Mark those last Words, pray, as you go along.] _Thus much he may be able to pick out, and willing to transfer into his New History; but the rest of your Character which I, or any other Writer, may value our selves by drawing: And the Particular Account of the +great+ Things, done under your Ministry, for which you are already so Celebrated in +most+ Parts of +Europe+, will probably be dropt._ So far that Author: But I cannot help differing with him in one Particular: For I am firmly of Opinion, that altho our Language should happen not to be _improved_ or _ascertain'd_, yet the _great Things_ done by that _very Wise and Excellent Man_, will not so easily be forgotten; nor the _rest_ of his Character be _dropt_, for which he is already _so celebrated in most Parts of +Europe+_.

Besides, as there seems to be an Exact Agreement between the intended Protector of this Society, and that of the _French_ Academy in its Infancy, there can be no Doubt but the great Work will be carried on after much the same Manner, and under the same Statutes and Regulations.

And it appears in Monsieur _Pelisson_'s History of the _French_ Academy, That every Member of it, both Present and Future, Friend or Foe, was oblig'd in Grat.i.tude to their Protector, to _revere his Virtue and his Memory_. The _British_ Academicians being therefore under the same Obligation, how is it possible that their _Protector_'s _Vertue_ or _Memory_ should ever be forgotten?

And there is one considerable Advantage, which our New Academy will have above the _French_. For it appears by the History just mention'd, that after the _French_ King had given his Consent, that his dear Cousin should be Chief of the Academy, the Parliament could not for a long while be brought to confirm the Patent. And Monsieur _Pelisson_ gives the Reasons of it. _Cardinal +Richlieu+_, says he, _having carried the +Royal Authority+ a great deal higher than any one had done before him; tho belov'd by some, was envy'd by others, hated and detested by many, fear'd and dreaded by all. His Creatures_, continues he, _talk'd of this Design with excessive Encomiums. Never_, said they, _were the past Ages possest of so much Eloquence as ours is like to be. We shall out-do all that went before us, and all that shall come after. And the greatest Share of the Glory will redound to the Academy and the Cardinal. Others, on the contrary, treated this Design as ridiculous. They accused the Academy as aiming to give Laws to Things not susceptible of them, and were perpetually falling upon them with Jests and Satyrs. Distrustful People could not tell but there might be a Snake in the Gra.s.s; and were afraid the establishing this Society would be a new Support of his Domination, that they were only his Pensioners, maintain'd by him to justify all his Actions, and make Observations on those of others._ These were the Difficulties in France: But our New Society need fear no such Opposition as the _Frenchmen_ found from their Parliament of _Paris_. Our _Parl----t_ will most certainly be as forward to pa.s.s an Act in Favour of them and their Protector, as they have been to do so many great Things already for him and the Nation, and even to pa.s.s a Vote in his Praise. Besides, there is no Body can pretend that _he has ever carried the Royal Authority higher than any one had done before him_; nor can it be imagin'd that he has a thousandth Part of the Enemies that Cardinal _Richlieu_ had: And I am fully persuaded, that all Things being consider'd, both at Home and Abroad, there is not a Man in the World that _envies_ him. And tho he has been suspected to _maintain Pensioners to justify his own Actions, and make Observations on those of others_; yet, whoever will look carefully over the List of the Members, must needs acquit him of that Calumny, and confess, that he who pick'd out such a Set of _Wits_ and _Patrons_, could have no such base Thoughts in his Head.

When the _French_ Academy had settled their Statutes, the next Thing they did was to get a Seal. And what was the Impression? Why, only their Protectors Picture; not engrav'd like a _Seneca_'s Head, but drawn at length with a modest Word on the Reverse. _To Immortality._ Something like this may be very easily done here. But I am not for putting on the Reverse, _the Bill for the Protestant Succession_; tho it may be seen in the Protector's Hand at Sir _G. Kneller_'s: For that is too gross, even for a common Picture. But what think you of his own Head on one Side and Twelve Lords on the Reverse? Or since all other Societies have taken their _Motto's_ from the Old World, suppose he fetch'd one from the New; and clapp'd his own Face upon the Frontispiece, with this Word on the Reverse, written in Cyphers, _THE SOUTH-SEA_.

I have but one or two Objections to the Statutes in _France_, which I cannot get over. One is, they must not meddle with Matters of Religion.

This might have very ill Consequences, and hinder their Top Wit from shewing his Talents: I mean that Orthodox Divine, who it is well known was never half so witty upon any other Subject, as upon that of Religion. Another Law of theirs that gives me Offence, is, The Law by which they are oblig'd to judge of no-body's Works but their own. For perhaps our Academy may not be in a Humour to write any Thing these Hundred Years, except a Trifle now and then, as an _Examiner_, a _Conduct_, a _John Bull_, or so. All which Works are allowable, because the _French_ Statute says, _Political Matters may be treated of conformably to the Authority of the State_.

There was one Rule more among the _French_ Academicians, that will never do in _England_ which is their forbidding the Academy's Certificate to be printed before the Writings of the Members, and allowing 'em only to put, _Par un tel de l'Academie Francoise_; As if one should say, _By such a Person of the +British+ Academy_. This would make mad Work here: Every little _Grubstreet_ Scribler would presently be publishing his Trash, with the stolen t.i.tle of _My Lord such a one, or Brigadier such a one, of the +British+ Academy._ And how should we be able to distinguish the Right from the Wrong, unless their License be printed before in Form, like a Privilege Royal, _To our Trusty and Well-beloved +Abel Roper+, of +London+, Bookseller_.

Having just mention'd _Abel_, it puts me in Mind of a certain Officer belonging to the _French_ Academy, call'd a Library-Keeper. This was given to one _Camusat_, the most Eminent Bookseller then in _Paris_: And I presume no body will say that Trusty _Abel_ is not the fittest Man in _England_ for that Office: He being supposed not only to have printed, but even to have father'd some considerable Works of the most Elegant of all our Academicians.

There's nothing else very remarkable in the Laws of the _French Academy_, except their forbidding any Member to write in their Defence, which it is probable will be thought worth observing here. For if our Society should pretend to answer every impertinent Thing that will be written against them, they would be finely set to Work. If therefore they should happen to be daily pelted at, the shortest way will be to despise their Opponents, and to consider themselves as Persons above the Reach of Malice; incorporated under a glorious Protector for some good End or other; and in daily Expectation of having a Charter and an Act of Parliament to back them; and of being made Wits by the Laws of the Land.

I cannot conclude without observing how pat every Thing happens: The _French_ Society met on _Thursdays_. So the News tells us, the _English_ do; with this good difference: The _French_ met after they had din'd.

The _English_, they say, dine together, and drink a chearful Gla.s.s afterwards; which has great Efficacy in Matters of Wit and Eloquence, as well for those that are to _write_, as those that are to _reward_. Wine is therefore call'd _Generous_, and is as nearly ally'd to Wit, as Wit is to Madness. How much wittier are some Men over the third Bottle than over the first! A strong Reason that the Meeting should be at a Tavern, and not any private House, which the _French_ Academy found very inconvenient; for whenever the Members, at whose Houses they met, took a Fancy to Marry, their Wives turn'd the Wits out of Doors; as it happen'd in the Case of Monsieur _Conrart_ and some others. Thus they were driven from one place to another, till their Protector got them a Room in the King's own Palace; which cannot conveniently be done in _England_ whilst Lodgings are so scarce: And therefore I hope they will drink on as they do, till _Whitehall_ is rebuilt. And here I will leave them for the present: When their two other Members are chosen, it may perhaps be not unseasonable to acquaint the Publick with the further Progress of this hopeful Society; and to shew all the World how far we not only imitate or copy, but even excel our Friends the _French_. In the mean time, I hope, some of their best Writers will be order'd to give us a short Touch or Essay of their Eloquence, upon _our late Glorious Enterprize against the +French+, on +Tuesday+ the 20th of this present +May+, under the Command of his Grace the D. of +Orm--d+._

_FINIS._